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We read the first section of the novel Friedrich. In it, we meet the two main characters, Friedrich, a Jewish boy, and his neighbor, the narrator who is never named. They were both born in 1925 and the readers see how their lives change as they grow up in Germany during the rise of the Nazis.

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Setting the Scene and Potato Pancakes - read in class, no audio here. 

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Setting the Scene and Potato Pancakes - read in class, no audio here. 

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In this section, students learned how Nazis used youth groups, called the Jungvolk or Hitler Youth to train young people to be militaristic and anti-Semitic.  We also see neighbors beginning to turn against Jews, calling them liars and the landlord attempts to evict Friedrich and his family from their apartment because they are Jews. The Nuremberg Laws also begin to be passed and Friedrich's father loses his job when Jews are forced out of Civil Service jobs.

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The erosion of Jewish rights continues as more anti-Semitic laws are passed. While Friedrich's father gets a new and better job at a department store, Friedrich is forced out of his public schools. The family's housekeeper can no longer work for his family due to a law that forbids non-Jewish women who are younger than 35 to work in Jewish households. The narrator's family has joined the Nazi party, not because he believes in Nazism, but because it helps him get a job and take his family on vacation. He tries to warn Friedrich's father to leave Germany, but he refuses. Reasons for not leaving are listed in the white board notes below.

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The situation for Friedrich and Jews in Germany continues to deteriorate. Friedrich is belittled at a public swimming pool and told never to come back. Then, he has a bar mitzvah which is a highlight in the story. Unfortunately, this is followed by Kristallnacht, the pogrom of 1938 where Jews were attacked across Germany. If there was any question about how serious Nazis and Hitler were in persecuting Jews, it is no longer ambiguous. Yet leaving Germany is troublesome as there is no money to leave, no where to go, and anti-Semitism in most places in the world.

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We read the beginning of the novel, Friedrich, and students found evidence for different motifs in the book (anti-Semitism, poverty, bystanders, upstanders, etc.) Here is a small sample of the assignment with answers from a handful of students.

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Sample Answers from the Quote Scavenger Hunt

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Learn about Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), November 9-10, 1938 propaganda Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz

NARRATOR: Hitler's Reich in the 1930s - the propaganda of the Nazi regime appeals to the German ethnic community, and decides who belongs where, from childhood onwards. Those who don't fit the picture, such as the Jews, are disdained, disenfranchised, persecuted. It begins with the boycotting of Jewish businesses, and leads ever more frequently to violence.

GEORG STEFAN TROLLER: "Things previously frowned upon by the state were suddenly permitted. Anything was allowed. We had become fair game, they could do to us whatever they wanted."

NARRATOR: On November 7, 1938, a Polish Jew shoots a German diplomat in Paris. His family are threatened with deportation - a welcome pretext for the Nazis. The Nazi leadership gives the signal to attack, and issues orders to party followers: Synagogues and Jewish businesses are to burn. The 9th of November is the Night of the Broken Glass. In hundreds of locations, Nazis set synagogues ablaze. Symbols and testimonies of Jewish culture are destroyed.

COCO SCHUMANN: "Suddenly there was clattering, and the window panes shattered."

NARRATOR: SA commandos prey on Jewish people.

SCHUMANN: "I heard screaming and looked up - people were being pushed out of the window."

NARRATOR: Police have been ordered to not intervene. Many Germans become spectators to the violence.

LORE MAY: "There were 500, 600 people - Germans, shouting and singing. There was a lady, I couldn't see her face. They pulled her down the street by her hair."

NARRATOR: Most look the other way, but some come to the Jews' aid in secret.

ERNST BEHM: "The fear was so great that we often didn't have the courage to help our Jewish fellow citizens. Many were helped, more than one might think, but all in secret."

NARRATOR: In this one night alone over 1,400 synagogues are destroyed.

INGE DEUTSCHKRON: "That was the turning point. That was when the Jews in Germany understood they could no longer live in peace as German Jews. That became clear after this night of violence."

NARRATOR: More than 400 Jews are beaten, shot, or driven to suicide. The Night of the Broken Glass is a dire warning for the impending fate of the Jews in Germany.

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Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), one of the darkest chapter in the history of the Jewish community

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NARRATOR: Hitler's Reich in the 1930s - the propaganda of the Nazi regime appeals to the German ethnic community, and decides who belongs where, from childhood onwards. Those who don't fit the picture, such as the Jews, are disdained, disenfranchised, persecuted. It begins with the boycotting of Jewish businesses, and leads ever more frequently to violence.

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Nazi Party officials, members of the SA and the Hitler Youth carry out a wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms throughout Greater Germany. The rioters destroyed hundreds of synagogues, many of them burned in full view of firefighters and the German public and looted more than 7,000 Jewish-owned businesses and other commercial establishments. Jewish cemeteries were a particular object of desecration in many regions. These events became known as Kristallnacht or the "Night of Broken Glass," named for the shattered glass from store windows that littered the streets after the violence. Almost 100 Jewish residents in Germany lost their lives in the violence. In the weeks that followed, the German government promulgated dozens of laws and decrees designed to deprive Jews of their property and of their means of livelihood even as the intensification of government persecution sought to force Jews from public life and force their emigration from the country.

Kristallnacht was an important turning point for Germany's Jews. Afterwards, many Jews concluded that there was no future for them in Nazi Germany.

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November 9, 1938. On this date, the Nazi regime coordinated a wave of antisemitic violence in Nazi Germany. This became known as Kristallnacht or the "Night of Broken Glass."

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What changes were there in Germany in 1933-35?

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What changes were there in Germany in 1933-35?

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Reasons German Jews did not leave Germany

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Reasons German Jews did not leave Germany

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Reasons German Jews Don’t Leave Germany 

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Reasons German Jews Don’t Leave Germany 

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How to show possession with apostrophes.

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How to show possession with apostrophes.

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Missing this one

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Friedrich Text (whole book) and Audiofiles (some of book)

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Friedrich Text (whole book) and Audiofiles (some of book)

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Audio Files - not necessarily in order, but for pages 100-138

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Audio Files - not necessarily in order, but for pages 100-138