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The Shang dynasty was the reputed successor to the quasi-legendary first dynasty, the Xia (c. 2070–c. 1600 BCE). The dates given for the founding of the Shang dynasty vary from about 1760 to 1520 BCE, and the dates for the dynasty's fall also vary, from 1122 to 1030 BCE. The Shang dynasty succeeded the quasi-legendary first dynasty, the Xia (c. 2070–c. 1600 BCE). The founding of the Shang dynasty is believed to have occurred between 1760 to 1520 BCE, and its fall between 1122 to 1030 BCE, although exact dates vary.

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Trade was increased, towns grew up, coinage was developed, chopsticks came into use, and the Chinese writing system was created out of its primitive beginnings in the Shang period.

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During a period spanning three centuries, numerous competing states in China engaged in a brutal struggle for territorial control and supremacy.

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Confucianism and Daoism Developed: 500 BCE

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Confucianism and Daoism Developed: 500 BCE

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Confucianism originated about the same time (6th–5th century BCE) in what are now the neighboring eastern Chinese provinces of Henan and Shandong, respectively. Confucianism originated about the same time (6th–5th century BCE) in what are now the neighboring eastern Chinese provinces of Henan and Shandong, respectively.

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The power of the first unified state in China was centralized, unlike the previous kingdoms that were scattered across the north and south.