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Articles of Confederation were TOO WEAK

New blueprint for a STRONG, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Protecting Individual and State's Rights simultaneously

Federalists vs. Antifederalists

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1. Participatory - Broad political participation, civil society

2. Pluralist - Group-based activism, nongovernmental, political decision-making

3. Elite - Limited participation in politics, civil society

4. All models clashed and created lots of tension when the Constitution was being formed

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Ancient Grecian cities like Athens are home to the first documented Democratic systems.

The Ancient Roman Republic and Senate were also huge inspirations.

Last but not least, The Enlightenment period gave us new outlooks on not only life, but Government itself.

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Stronger than the Articles

Not too powerful

Popular Sovereignty

Limited Government

Federalism

Separation of Powers

Checks and Balances

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Delegated Powers - Federal Government

Reserved Powers - State's Rights

Concurrent Powers - Shared between Federal and State

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Raise Taxes

Borrow money

Charter banks

Build roads

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Establish local governments

Establish/maintain schools

Conduct elections

Provide for public safety

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Delegates met to discuss the Articles

Different states, Different opinions

Compromises needed deliberation

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Allows the Federal Government to regulate foreign trade

States regulate intrastate trade

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How will states be represented in Congress?

Bicameral Legislature

House of Representatives

Senate

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Coin money

Establish foreign policy

Declare war

Regulate trade

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Counted every enslaved person as 3/5 of a person for tax and census reasons in the South

South gains more members in the House of Representatives and the Electoral College

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Slave Trade banned 2 years after the Constitution is ratified

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Each state's vote determined by population

Need majority (270) of electoral votes to win

However, winner of electoral vote supersedes popular vote

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How is a President to be elected?

Elected by states?

Popular vote?

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Introduction to the Constitution

Explains the purpose and principles

"We the People [...]"

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2 houses of Congress

Powers of Congress

Expressed, Implied, Elastic Clause, Impeachment

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Elected every 2 years by the people

Determined by population

All revenue originates from the HOR

Must be 20 y/o, and a US Citizen for 7 years

Census taken every 10 years, could cost states members

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Expressed Powers

Collect Taxes

Regulate Trade

Establish Army/Navy

Coin Money

Implied Powers

Pass any law needed and voted on

Necessary and Proper Clause

Elastic Clause

National Bank 1791

Louisiana Purchase 1803

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Essentially saying that the laws in Constitution is subject to change depending on what may be needed

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Elected every 6 years by the state until 16th Amendment

2 senators per state

Approves of many Presidential actions

Treaties

Cabinet Officials

Supreme Court Nominees

Must be 30 y/o, and a US Citizen for 9 years

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The process of removing certain elected officials from office

HOR majority vote

Senate Trial (2/3 must convict)

Trial presided over by Chief Justice

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All bills except one dealing in revenue can start in either House of Congress

Bill must be passed through both houses

President can either sign or veto a bill

Congress can override veto with 2/3 vote

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Executive Branch

President

Commander in Chief

Chief Executive

Head of State

Vice President

Cabinet

Pres. must be 35 y/o

Must be natural born in the US

Reside for at least 14 years

Serves 4 year term

Can only serve 2 terms as of 1951

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Judicial Branch

Supreme Court

Main job is Judicial Review

Established in 1803 - Marbury v. Madison

No Age or Citizenship barriers

Serves for Life

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The relationship between States and the Federal Government

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States that future generations are allowed to make changes and amendments to the Constitution as times change

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11. State Sovereign Immunity

12. Clarification of Pres. and VP Elections

13. Slavery Is Outlawed

14. Equal Protection

15. All Races Can Vote

16. Taxable Income

17. Senator Voting

18. Alcohol Is Outlawed

19. All Genders Can Vote

20. Term Beginnings

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21. Alcohol Is No Longer Outlawed

22. Term Limits

23. District of Columbia Fair Voting

24. No Poll Taxes

25. Presidential Successors

26. 18+ Can Vote

27. No Changing Congressional Salaries

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1. Free Speech

2. Right to Bear Arms

3. No Quartering Soldiers

4. Search & Seizure

5. Wrongful Imprisonment

6. Fair Trial

7. Jury

8. Cruel & Unusual Punishment

9. Enumerated Rights

10. State's Rights

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"Supreme Law of the Land"

All elected officials in Judiciary or Executive Branches must swear oaths to uphold the Constitution.

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Deals with the Ratification of the US Constitution

Everyone who originally signed the Constitution, representing (at the time) all 13 states