# data[].attributes.body
"Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called a reading disability, dyslexia is a result of individual differences in areas of the brain that process language."

# data[].attributes.body
Before entering school age:

learning new words at a below average pace

difficulty learning and remembering simple things such as nursery rhymes and rhyming games

School Age Children (k-12)

Being in a below average reading level

difficulty spelling

spending long amounts of time on reading and writing activities

difficulty reading to yourself and out loud

# data[].attributes.body
Individual differences in the brain, specifically parts that produce reading and writing skills

# data[].attributes.body
Anxiety- Dyslexia can create some anxiety or nervousness around reading, especially in public.

Ex: The classroom, public speaking, etc.

Trouble Learning- because Dyslexia makes reading and writing more difficult, it can make it harder to learn and process certain topics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Now more than ever before, literacy is an essential skill for functioning in our society. From computer screens to road signs, from restaurant menus to text messages, the ability to read affects nearly every aspect of our lives. Unfortunately, about 40% of all adults in the United States lack the reading skills needed to thrive at work and at home.[1]

One of the most common reading disorders is dyslexia, which affects roughly one in five students.[2] Odds are, you'll have at least one or two students in your class who struggle with this disorder each year. Since students with dyslexia develop better reading skills if they're provided treatment early on, learning how to recognize dyslexia symptoms and support these students can have a lasting impact.

Want to be better prepared to meet the needs of students with dyslexia in your class? Learn what dyslexia is, why it develops, and which symptoms to look for in children. Then, discover five tips for teaching and providing accommodations for students with dyslexia.

What Does Dyslexia Mean and How Does It Affect Learning?

Understanding what the definition of dyslexia is and is not can help educators best meet their students' needs. According to the International Dyslexia Association, the definition of dyslexia is a learning disability that causes problems with phonological awareness, spelling, and word recognition.[3] While the medical field uses the term "dyslexia," some educators prefer to call it specific reading disability to avoid labels.[4] This is because in the educational field, there are a lot of misconceptions surrounding dyslexia.

For example, many teachers assume that dyslexia is a visual processing disorder. Despite popular belief, however, dyslexia is actually a language-based learning disability.[5] This means that dyslexia isn't a problem with a student's eyes-their brains have trouble connecting print letters to sounds. This is why when a child is diagnosed with dyslexia, we send them to a reading specialist rather than an optometrist.

Dyslexia symptoms can vary from student to student-some might see words as warped or jumbled up while others might not be able to tell the difference between similar looking letters. Of all forms of dyslexia, English is a particularly different language for these students to learn to read in-regardless of native tongue-because the relationship between sounds and letters isn't always predictable.[6] For this reason, students learning to read in English may feel even more frustrated than those learning literacy in other languages.

The Factors that Cause Dyslexia in Children

Like many learning disorders, dyslexia isn't usually caused by one specific thing but a variety of complex factors.[7] The more educators study dyslexia, the more they've realized just how complicated developing the disorder is. While these factors are still being researched, experts have narrowed down a few key areas.

Is dyslexia genetic or hereditary? It seems that dyslexia can be hereditary, but the exact relationship between this reading disorder and our genes isn't yet clear.[8] Because dyslexia can run in families, clinicians often ask if any relatives have been diagnosed with dyslexia when they're evaluating a student. But as for a specific gene or set of genes, researchers have not yet pinpointed a cause. And because many students diagnosed with dyslexia don't have a family history of it, the connection between genetics and reading difficulties is even less clear.

There also appears to be a connection between dyslexia and neuroscience. Researchers have found that students with dyslexia have lower levels of activation in the parts of the brain associated with reading.[9] What this suggests, however, isn't that these students don't try hard enough but that the brain functions that contribute to literacy might be underdeveloped. Their brains might try to compensate by using different areas to read but are unable to decode letters in quite the same way.[10]

What researchers know for certain is that dyslexia develops early in a child's life. Early signs of reading disorders can occur as early as 2 ½ years old.[11] In PreK, children with dyslexia often already have difficulties with letter-sound recognition, phonemic awareness, and vocabulary.[12] Those who study the causes of learning disabilities also believe that dyslexia is chronic, not temporary. This means that while treatment can help these students turn their weaknesses into strengths, the symptoms they experience don't always go away.[13]

Is Dyslexia a Disability? Rethinking Reading Disorders

Is dyslexia a learning disability that limits a student's potential? While dyslexia is considered a reading disorder, it in no way determines a student's IQ or academic ability.[14] Students with dyslexia do have different needs than other students when learning to read, and they may have distinct strengths or weaknesses. But these students are just as capable of not only reading but achieving just as much as their peers.

In fact, plenty of people diagnosed with dyslexia have been able to lead fulfilling and successful lives. A few famous people with dyslexia include:[15]

Scientists: Albert Einstein, Elizabeth Blackburn, Ann Bancroft

Artists: Walt Disney, Sally Gardner, Ansel Adams

Writers: Hans Christian Andersen, Agatha Christie, F. Scott Fitzgerald

Actors: Whoopi Goldberg, Keira Knightley, Robin Williams

Entrepreneurs: Steve Jobs, Henry Ford, Tommy Hilfiger

Does anything surprise you about this list? Maybe you weren't expecting notable writers to have been diagnosed with a reading disorder. Or maybe you didn't think that Albert Einstein, who many believe to be the smartest person who ever lived, would make the list of famous people with dyslexia. Dyslexia doesn't prevent a student from achieving their dreams and making a difference in the world. As educators, having a positive mindset about how to teach these students can help prepare them for academic success.

But that being said, if dyslexia significantly impairs a student's literacy acquisition, dyslexia is considered a learning disability under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA).[16] This means that your student could be eligible for accommodations through a school's specialists or accessibility centers. If you have a student with dyslexia in your class, talk with your colleagues or administrators about dyslexia accommodations.

For Educators: How to Recognize Early Signs of Dyslexia in Children

Dyslexia symptoms in children can vary in severity depending on the person, so no two students' needs are alike.[17] Like many learning disorders, the characteristics of dyslexia exist on a spectrum. But while every child is different, there are some common traits you can look for to spot dyslexia in the classroom.

What are the symptoms of dyslexia? Although only a professional can officially diagnose a child with a reading disorder, here are a few symptoms of dyslexia to watch for:

Cannot read sentences smoothly-may skip or swap out unfamiliar words [18]

Does not associate print letters with sounds [19]

Uncomfortable reading words sentences out loud [20]

Confuses letters that look similar (e.g. "d" and "b") [21]

Reading ability does not match their overall intelligence [22]

Students with dyslexia are also more likely to have trouble focusing in class because reading is more difficult for them.[8] For this reason, some children who have dyslexia are misdiagnosed as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although students can have both ADHD and dyslexia, these two disorders benefit from distinct treatments. If you notice that a student has trouble paying attention in class, try referring them to a specialist for a proper diagnosis.

Because dyslexia can be hereditary, it could help to ask a child's parents if they or any of their relatives have received a diagnosis.[23] If their student displays any warning signs of dyslexia, they could be more prepared to offer support. Even if dyslexia doesn't run in a child's family, however, discussing the possibility with their parents may encourage them to seek an official diagnosis. The sooner a child receives help, the faster they'll be able to catch up with their peers.[24]

Guided Reading Activities for Students with Dyslexia

Many teachers feel that while they know how to teach early reading skills, they don't know how to best reach children with dyslexia.[25] But luckily, with the right learning strategies for students with dyslexia, you can help every child in your classroom thrive and develop strong reading skills.

Use these five activities, teaching strategies, and accommodations for dyslexia to help struggling students learn to read:

Try engaging all of the student's senses when teaching them to read, like giving them magnet letters to put together words. Multisensory activities are shown to significantly help students with dyslexia develop literacy [26]

Help students with dyslexia access resources like audiobooks, dictation programs, or spell-checking software [27]

Encouragement can help students who have dyslexia find the confidence they need to succeed in school. Give your students praise when they master a challenging skill and celebrate milestones they reach along the path to literacy

Set mutually agreed-upon reading goals with children diagnosed with dyslexia to promote student engagement [28]

Some students with reading difficulties may need extra help outside of the classroom. Refer students to remediation or learning disorder specialists, if needed [29]

Sources:
Thomson, J. Good Practice in interventions for teaching dyslexic learners and in teacher training in English‐speaking countries. Harvard Graduate School of Education, July 2010, pp. 1-13.[1]

Washburn, E.K., Joshi, R.M., and Binks-Cantrell, E.S. Teacher knowledge of basic language concepts and dyslexia. Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice, May 2011, 17(2), pp. 165-83.[2]

International Dyslexia Association. IDA Dyslexia Handbook: What Every Family Should Know. Retrieved from readingrockets.org: http://www.readingrockets.org/sites/default/files/IDA%20Dyslexia%20Handbook.pdf.[3]

Thomson, J. Good Practice in interventions for teaching dyslexic learners and in teacher training in English‐speaking countries. Harvard Graduate School of Education, July 2010, pp. 1-13.[4]

Washburn, E.K., Joshi, R.M., and Binks-Cantrell, E.S. Teacher knowledge of basic language concepts and dyslexia. Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice, May 2011, 17(2), pp. 165-83.[5]

Thomson, J. Good Practice in interventions for teaching dyslexic learners and in teacher training in English‐speaking countries. Harvard Graduate School of Education, July 2010, pp. 1-13.[6]

Ibid.[7]

International Dyslexia Association. IDA Dyslexia Handbook: What Every Family Should Know. Retrieved from readingrockets.org: http://www.readingrockets.org/sites/default/files/IDA%20Dyslexia%20Handbook.pdf.[8]

Shaywitz, B.A., Shaywitz, S.E., Pugh, K.R., Mencl, W.E., Fulbright, R.K., and Skudlarksi, P. Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biological Psychiatry, 2002, 52, pp. 101-110.[9]

Ibid.[10]

Scarborough, H.S. Very Early Language Deficits in Dyslexic Children. Child Development, December 1990, 61(6), pp. 1728-43.[11]

Ibid.[12]

Aylward, E.H., Richards, T.L., Berninger, V.W., Nagy, W.E., Field, K.M., and Grimme, A.C. Instructional treatment associated with changes in brain activation in children with dyslexia. Neurology, 2003, 61, pp. 212-219.[13]

International Dyslexia Association. IDA Dyslexia Handbook: What Every Family Should Know. Retrieved from readingrockets.org: http://www.readingrockets.org/sites/default/files/IDA%20Dyslexia%20Handbook.pdf.[14]

Davis Dyslexia Association. List of Dyslexic Achievers. Retrieved from dyslexia.com: https://www.dyslexia.com/about-dyslexia/dyslexic-achievers/all-achievers/.[15]

Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400, 2004.[16]

Sahari, S.H., and Johari, A. Improvising Reading Classes and Classroom Environment for Children with Reading Difficulties and Dyslexia Symptoms. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012, 38, pp. 100-107.[17]

Learning Ally. Hidden in Plain Sight: Seven Common Signs of Dyslexia in the Classroom. Retrieved from learningally.org: https://www.learningally.org/Portals/6/Docs/white-papers/HiddeninPlainSight_WP_o.pdf.[18]

Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity. Signs of Dyslexia. Retrieved from yale.edu: https://dyslexia.yale.edu/dyslexia/signs-of-dyslexia/.[19]

ibid.[20]

The Understood Team. Dyslexia Symptoms in Children. Retrieved from understood.org: https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/signs-symptoms/could-your-child-have/checklist-signs-of-dyslexia-at-different-ages.[21]

Learning Ally. Hidden in Plain Sight: Seven Common Signs of Dyslexia in the Classroom. Retrieved from learningally.org: https://www.learningally.org/Portals/6/Docs/white-papers/HiddeninPlainSight_WP_o.pdf.[22]

International Dyslexia Association. IDA Dyslexia Handbook: What Every Family Should Know. Retrieved from readingrockets.org: http://www.readingrockets.org/sites/default/files/IDA%20Dyslexia%20Handbook.pdf.[23]

Torgesen, J.K. Individual differences in response to early interventions in reading: The lingering problem of treatment resisters. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 2000, 15, pp. 55-64.[24]

Washburn, E.K., Joshi, R.M., and Binks-Cantrell, E.S. Teacher knowledge of basic language concepts and dyslexia. Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice, May 2011, 17(2), pp. 165-83.[25]

Learning Ally. Hidden in Plain Sight: Seven Common Signs of Dyslexia in the Classroom. Retrieved from learningally.org: https://www.learningally.org/Portals/6/Docs/white-papers/HiddeninPlainSight_WP_o.pdf.[26]

Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity. Tips from Students. Retrieved from yale.edu: https://dyslexia.yale.edu/resources/dyslexic-kids-adults/tips-from-students/.[27]

Thomson, J. Good Practice in interventions for teaching dyslexic learners and in teacher training in English‐speaking countries. Harvard Graduate School of Education, July 2010, pp. 1-13.[28]

International Dyslexia Association. IDA Dyslexia Handbook: What Every Family Should Know. Retrieved from readingrockets.org: http://www.readingrockets.org/sites/default/files/IDA%20Dyslexia%20Handbook.pdf.[29]

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dyslexia in Schools: Understanding and Teaching Students with Dyslexia - Waterford.org

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Learn what dyslexia is and symptoms to look for in children. Then, discover five tips for teaching and providing accommodations for students with dyslexia.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Sparking new ideas for your classroom
Malcolm Alexander, the acclaimed dyslexic sculptor, tells a story about one of his teachers who made a difference. According to Malcolm, that teacher said, "When I teach, when I look at a student's work, I always try to find something nice in it. And then go into the rest of it."
This is a gift you can give all students, but particularly those who are dyslexic: find something positive, something they have done well, and acknowledge it. They will remember that comment - and you.

As a teacher, you most likely already have a print-rich environment in your classroom. We know that all teachers, whether they are new to the profession or seasoned veterans, continue to look for suggestions and tweak their skills so they are better able to help their students.

The following suggestions may spark a new idea for your classroom. The good news about honing one's teaching for individuals with dyslexia is that many of the strategies will be helpful to the typical learner as well. And, of importance, the strategies will be particularly helpful to any struggling readers and writers in your classroom.

In addition to general recommendations, there are suggestions to promote phonological awareness skills, reading comprehension and fluency, vocabulary development, oral reading, comprehension of written directions, spelling, and writing. As always, choose the strategies and activities that best fit your students, your classroom, and you.

Some general recommendations for teachers of beginning readers and writers

1. Make personalized books and stories with the student's name and photos. Alternatively, have him or her dictate a story and draw pictures, which an adult can then transcribe and bind with a cover.

2. Increase print awareness by asking your student to look for everything he/she can find with writing (i.e. McDonald's sign, labels, and packages).

3. Provide multisensory experiences for students related to each book that they read, such as using stories and coloring pages (available with a story teller guide).

4. Choose rhyming books with high repetition of words and phrases.

5. Dramatically pause to allow students to fill in the refrain as you are reading.

6. Play sound matching games. For example, say, "Let's think of as many things as we can that start with Mmmm." Your student might say "Mouse, moo, milk." If your student has difficulty, give him or her clues. Say: "We drink mmmmm." Wait two seconds and then provide the answer ("milk").

7. Increase the repertoire of shapes your student draws to include circles, triangles, squares, and various facial features, such as eyes and a mouth.

8. Increase the repertoire of letters your student writes to include all the letters in the alphabet and numbers up to 10.

9. Guide your student's drawing and writing by placing your hand on top of his or her hand. Gradually fade the level of assistance.

General recommendations

1. During times when other students are independently working on class work, the student should have the option to work in a study carrel with headphones to eliminate distractions.

2. Allow extra time to complete tests.

3. Provide a regular study buddy whom the student sits next to in class.

4. Give "THINK TIME" before answering a question. This can be done by presenting a question and then pausing or by coming back to the student after a little while and repeating the question. Alternatively, have multiple students answer the same question. In this way, several models are provided.

5. Provide opportunities for writing and spelling every day, in a variety of formats, such as writing in a journal, sending an email, writing or copying a list of homework activities, writing on a large wall calendar, writing thank you letters, or archiving items in a collection.

6. Explicitly teach organization and planning skills for completing and tracking homework. Instruct students how to break down large projects into smaller tasks.

7. Improve word retrieval for naming through participation in one or more of these games: Scattegories, Taboo, Guesstures, Password, Scrabble, logic puzzles, rebus puzzles, Catch-Phrase, UpWords, Tribond, Plexers, crosswords and other word puzzles.

8. Give manipulatives (things to touch and move around) whenever possible to work on math related to time, money, or fractions.

9. Explicitly and systematically teach math to students with dyslexia (including models of proficient problem solving, verbalization of thought processes, guided practice, corrective feedback, and frequent cumulative review). Dyslexia and Mathematics Second Edition edited by T. R. Miles and Elaine Miles, 1992, and The Institute of Education Sciences (IES) Guide for Assisting Students Struggling with Mathematics: Response to Intervention (RtI) for Elementary and Middle Schools provide more information.

Recommendations to support reading comprehension and fluency for classroom materials

Before reading

1. Preview the title, pictures, chapter names, and bold-faced words in order to make a prediction.

2. Connect new information to previously learned information by talking about a personal experience related to the theme.

3. Verbalize or write questions prior to reading the text.

4. Discuss reading schemas for different types of textbooks (i.e. compare math and history). Highlight salient information that each genre addresses. Visual webs are useful for the student to preview and complete as they encounter key information.

5. Pre-teach key vocabulary for a particular unit or chapter before introducing the text.

6. Pre-teach themes or background information (i.e. historical context) for reading fiction.

7. Explicitly teach "how to use" the table of contents, glossary, index, headings, sidebars, charts, captions, and review questions in a text book.

During reading

1. Provide a set of textbooks for the student to take home and to highlight.

2. Assign class readings a week ahead of time for students to preview. This will improve attention and comprehension.

3. Provide audio recordings for the student to use while reading the text.

Books on tape and audio equipment may be obtained, free of charge, through the National Library Service.

A large range of books are already scanned and available for free through Bookshare.

4. Give the student a choice of what to read within selected genres, topics, and themes. High interest reading facilitates comprehension and reading for pleasure. In addition to classroom learning, the "curriculum" should cultivate the students' interests and strengths (both in and outside of the classroom). The Time on My Hands and Affinities checklists at All Kinds of Minds may be helpful in guiding the student to high-interest reading materials.

5. Make texts at a variety of reading levels available so that students can read fluently but also be slightly challenged (the appropriate instructional level).

6. Allow the student to use text-to-speech software for information on the computer.

This may be established by setting preferences on a Macintosh computer.

Text-to-speech software is available through a free trial over at CNET.

A scanner with OCR (optical character recognition) may be used to scan textbooks onto the computer.

7. Model self-monitoring skills with the following questions: "Does what I'm reading make sense?" "What do I think will happen next?" "Are there any words that I don't know?" "Can I figure out what the words mean from the sentences around them?"

8. Encourage sub-vocalization of the text and self-monitoring questions.

9. Model active engagement with the text through visualization of the scene (i.e. trying to make a "photograph" of the word in his/her mind's eye while enhancing visual features), highlighting, note taking, or jotting down a question.

10. Train students to silently read at various rates depending on the purpose; for example, skimming to find a particular term or to get the main idea or gist vs. reading more carefully for directions or comprehension of key concept.

11. Encourage multiple readings of a text.

12. Provide templates for students to jot down notes and key concepts as they read (i.e. a story line, visual web, or list of WH-questions).
If a student is reading a chapter book or novel, one template should be completed for each scene or chapter.

13. Bolster comprehension of idioms and more abstract language through reading the scripts of everyday conversations on Randall's Listening Lab. Students can listen to the conversation as they read. Key vocabulary is highlighted and defined.

Supporting vocabulary while reading

1. Log unfamiliar words in a personal dictionary that includes the sentence that contains the word, page number, a guess about the meaning, the pronunciation, a dictionary definition, and a new sentence using the word.

2. Improve vocabulary for written and verbal expression by forming associations between words, paraphrasing, and elaborating on an idea.

3. Teach prefixes, suffixes, and root words to students to improve spelling, decoding, and comprehension.

4. Give ample opportunities to practice writing target words. The student might be asked to say them, or use them in sentences or a story.

5. Look up unfamiliar words with an electronic speller that has speech output (such as the Franklin Speller) or a web-based dictionary. For example, Dictionary.com provides the pronunciation and definition of a word.

After reading

1. Verbalize or write the answers to the pre-reading questions and share the answers with a friend or family member.

2. Compose an alternative ending for the story or write a sequel.

3. Act out key scenes from a text or give "How To" demonstrations for kinesthetic learners.

4. Challenge students to draw inferences from the text (i.e. "How do you think the main character feels?" "Do you think it will be harder to stop a heavier or lighter object traveling at the same velocity?").

Oral reading

1. Increase reading fluency through a "reading apprenticeship" incorporating the following elements:

1. Models of fluent reading.

2. Repetition of the same passage, until reading is fluent.

3. Dramatic readings (i.e. skits, poetry, and speeches).

4. Regular tracking and graphing of reading rate and fluency.

2. See Read Naturally for a systematic program that incorporates choral reading (reading at the same time as a fluent reader), repetitions, and tracking of reading fluency.

3. For more information on reading apprenticeships, see The Fluent Reader: Oral Reading Strategies for Building Word Recognition, Fluency, and Comprehension, by Timothy Rasinski.

Supporting comprehension of written directions

1. Present less written material per page with no more than two directions in a sentence. Double spacing and bullets or numbers are also helpful.

2. Provide additional time to take tests.

3. Assist the student in breaking apart the written directions into smaller steps.

4. Check for comprehension of the directions.

5. Both auditory and written instructions should be provided.

6. Sub-rehearse (quietly or silently repeating) the directions to keep them in working memory long enough to complete them.

Recommendations to support writing in school

1. Increase phonetic spelling of unfamiliar words by counting the number of sounds in a word, and then correlating the sounds with letters.

2. Explicitly teach phonics rules and review them multiple times.

3. Provide a disproportionate amount of positive feedback for writing (relative to correction). Students should be praised for words that are spelled phonetically and accurately.

4. Institute delays that require the student to wait 5 minutes before starting a writing task. The student should be instructed to spend those 5 minutes planning.

5. Explicitly teach the elements of writing narratives or essays.

6. Brainstorm key vocabulary prior to writing.

7. Provide a focused spelling program such as Spellography to work on learning specific morphological, semantic and mental orthographic spelling rules.

8. Group words into word families with multiple exemplars of each phonetic pattern.

9. Provide models of "good essays" for struggling writers to use as a template.

10. Dictate stories with an audio recording or dictation software.

11. Emphasize the need to write in "stages" rather than completing a long narrative in one sitting. The stages should include: planning, writing, and revision.

12. Teach mnemonic devices for editing such as: SCOPE (spelling, organization, order of words, punctuation, and expresses a complete thought)

13. Instruct students to create an alternate ending for a familiar story, make a modern day story historic, or create a comic strip of two of the characters having a conversation.

14. Use word prediction software such as Co:Writer for improving spelling and complex sentence structure.

15. Text-to-speech software and word processing should be available for editing written work.

16. Encourage students to keep a journal. To increase motivation, visual images should be added to each page (i.e. "things found" throughout the day: maps, photos, or clippings from a magazine or the internet).

17. Improve penmanship with a larger pen or pencil grip and raised-line paper.

18. Practice handwriting using the following low-tech strategies: pencil grips, paper with raised lines and a slant board.

Recommendations for students with visual deficits

1. Encourage students to use a line guide as he/she is reading, to avoid skipping lines.

2. Use cut-out window for completing math worksheets.

3. Give visual pictures for commonly reversed or flipped letters: (i.e. "Which way does the "b"/ "d" go in "bed?").

4. Utilize a highlighter for key words, concepts, and/or directions when presented with written material.

5. Give visual images to associate with problematic sounds such as "short a" and "e" (i.e. Does the "e" in "bed" sound like a "short e" in "elephant" or a "long e" in "eagle?" "Does the "a" in "angel" sound like the "short a" in "alligator" or the "long a" in "ape?").

6. Encourage students to keep a copy of a "letter shaping card" in his/her school supplies and homework supplies for an easy reference.

For additional information, download our document below, which summarizes teaching tips from Tutor House. Also download MindShift's PDF, Teachers' Guide to Using Videos.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Upon completion of this section, you will Acquire general recommendations for the classroom that enrich learning for beginning readers and writers Identify tips for the different parts of the reading process that enrich comprehension, fluency, and vocabulary Have idea

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dyslexia in the General Education Classroom

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In order to accommodate students with dyslexia, general education teachers must understand what the condition is and what alternate means work best for accessing information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Dyslexia is a learning difference that affects the way children process language, making it challenging for them to read, write, and spell. As a parent, it's crucial to understand how to support your dyslexic child effectively. By creating a supportive environment, developing tailored learning strategies, collaborating with teachers, utilizing assistive technology, promoting self-esteem, seeking professional help when needed, and building a support network, you can empower your child to thrive despite their dyslexia.

Early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for dyslexic children.

Key Takeaways

1. Create a supportive environment at home to foster your child's self-esteem and love for learning.

2. Develop personalized learning strategies that cater to your child's strengths and address their specific challenges.

3. Collaborate with teachers and schools to ensure your child receives appropriate accommodations and support in the classroom.

4. Utilize assistive technology tools and resources to enhance your child's reading, writing, and organizational skills.

Take a look at this Youtube video:

Table of contents

1. Understanding Dyslexia

2. Identifying Dyslexic Children

3. Creating a Supportive Environment

4. Developing Effective Learning Strategies

5. Collaborating with Teachers and Schools

6. Utilizing Assistive Technology

7. Promoting Self-Esteem and Confidence

8. Seeking Professional Help

9. Building a Support Network

Understanding Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects a person's ability to read, spell, write, and even speak. It is not a result of laziness or lack of intelligence, but rather a neurological condition that affects the way the brain processes language. While dyslexia cannot be cured, there are various strategies and techniques that can assist dyslexic children in overcoming challenges and reaching their full potential.

As a parent, you play a vital role in supporting and advocating for your dyslexic child. Here are some practical tips to help you navigate this journey:

Every dyslexic child is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. experiment with different strategies and approaches to find what best suits your child's needs. with your unwavering support, they can thrive and succeed in their educational journey.

→ When to Test for Dyslexia: Best Age and Practices

Identifying Dyslexic Children

Dyslexia can sometimes be challenging to identify in children, as its symptoms can vary from person to person. However, there are certain signs that parents can look out for to help identify dyslexic children. These signs may include difficulty in reading and writing, trouble recognizing letters and numbers, poor spelling skills, and a slow pace of learning compared to their peers.

If you suspect that your child may be dyslexic, there are several ways you can support them in their learning journey. Here are some helpful tips for parents:

By recognizing the signs of dyslexia and implementing these tips, parents can help their dyslexic children thrive academically and emotionally. Remember, each child is unique, so it's important to adapt these strategies to suit your child's individual strengths and challenges.

💡 It is important for parents to be aware of the signs of dyslexia in children, such as difficulties with reading, spelling, and writing. Early identification and intervention can greatly support the child's learning and development. Seeking professional guidance and support can make a significant difference in the child's educational journey.

→ Typography and Dyslexia: Is Times New Roman Friendly?

Creating a Supportive Environment

Supporting dyslexic children requires creating a supportive environment that nurtures their unique learning needs. As parents, there are several practical tips you can implement to create a positive and empowering atmosphere for your child.

By implementing these tips, you can create an environment that supports and empowers your dyslexic child. Remember, each child is unique, so it may be necessary to adapt these strategies to suit their specific needs and preferences.

💡 Tip: Creating a supportive environment for dyslexic children is crucial. Provide them with a quiet and organized space for studying and reading. Avoid distractions and ensure good lighting. Encourage their interests and hobbies, as this can boost their confidence and motivation. Remember to be patient and understanding, and celebrate their achievements no matter how small. Your support and understanding can make a world of difference for a dyslexic child.

→ Dyslexia and Anger: Managing Emotional Challenges in Education

Developing Effective Learning Strategies

One of the most important aspects of supporting dyslexic children is developing effective learning strategies. By implementing these strategies, parents can help their children overcome challenges and thrive academically.

By implementing these strategies, parents can make a significant impact on their dyslexic child's learning journey. Remember, each child is unique, so it may be helpful to experiment with different approaches and tailor them to your child's specific needs and preferences.

Collaborating with Teachers and Schools

When it comes to supporting dyslexic children, collaborating with teachers and schools is of critical importance. By working together, parents and educators can create an environment that nurtures the unique needs of these children and helps them thrive academically and emotionally.

Here are some valuable tips for parents on how to collaborate effectively with teachers and schools:

1. Establish open lines of communication: Start by building a good relationship with your child's teacher. Share information about your child's strengths, weaknesses, and any strategies that have proven successful in the past. Regularly communicate with the teacher to stay updated on your child's progress and address any concerns promptly.

2. Advocate for your child: Be an advocate for your child's needs. Stay informed about dyslexia and the accommodations and support available in the school system. If necessary, request meetings with teachers and school administrators to discuss specific accommodations or modifications that can benefit your child.

3. Provide resources and support: Offer resources and materials to teachers that can assist in the education of dyslexic children. This might include books, websites, or apps that can help improve reading and writing skills. Collaborate with the teacher to find the best methods and tools for your child's learning style.

4. Attend parent-teacher meetings: Make it a priority to attend parent-teacher meetings and be an active participant in your child's education. Use these meetings as an opportunity to discuss your child's progress, ask questions, and brainstorm strategies for further support.

5. Foster a positive home-school connection: Encourage a positive relationship between your child's school and home life. This can involve engaging in activities and events organized by the school, volunteering in the classroom, or supporting school initiatives. By actively participating, you show your child the importance of education and create a supportive network for their learning journey.

Collaborating with teachers and schools is essential in supporting dyslexic children. By working together, parents and educators can ensure that these children receive the necessary support, accommodations, and resources to reach their full potential.

Utilizing Assistive Technology

Assistive technology can be a valuable tool for supporting dyslexic children, providing them with the assistance they need to succeed in their education. Here are some tips for parents on how to effectively utilize assistive technology in helping their dyslexic children:

1. Text-to-speech software: This type of software can read aloud text from books, websites, or documents, helping dyslexic children comprehend the content more easily. It can also help them improve their reading skills by following along with the audio.

2. Speech-to-text software: Dyslexic children often struggle with writing, but speech-to-text software can help them express their thoughts more easily. By speaking into a microphone, their words are transcribed into written text, allowing them to participate in written assignments without the frustration of handwriting or spelling difficulties.

3. Dyslexia-friendly fonts: Certain fonts, such as OpenDyslexic, are designed specifically to make reading easier for dyslexic individuals. These fonts incorporate features like heavier bottoms and unique letter shapes to minimize confusion between similar letters, making it easier for dyslexic children to read and comprehend written text.

4. Mind-mapping tools: Dyslexic children often excel in visual thinking, and mind-mapping tools can help them organize their thoughts and ideas more effectively. These tools allow them to visually represent their ideas in a non-linear format, aiding in brainstorming, planning, and understanding complex concepts.

5. Time management apps: Dyslexic children may struggle with time management and organization skills. Utilizing apps designed for task management, scheduling, and reminders can help them stay on top of assignments, deadlines, and daily routines.

6. Audiobooks: Listening to audiobooks can provide dyslexic children with an alternative way to access literature and enhance their reading skills. Audiobooks allow them to enjoy stories and improve their vocabulary and comprehension without the challenges posed by traditional reading methods.

By incorporating assistive technology into their child's learning environment, parents can empower dyslexic children to overcome their challenges and thrive academically. It is important to remember that assistive technology should be used in conjunction with other supportive strategies and interventions, as it is not a substitute for targeted instruction and individualized support.

Promoting Self-Esteem and Confidence

Supporting dyslexic children in developing self-esteem and confidence is crucial for their overall well-being and success. As parents, there are several strategies you can implement to promote a positive self-image and boost your child's confidence.

Celebrate Their Strengths

Encourage your child to focus on their strengths and celebrate their achievements, no matter how small. Dyslexic children often face academic challenges, but they excel in other areas such as creativity, problem-solving, or sports. By highlighting their strengths, you help them recognize their unique talents and build confidence in their abilities.

Provide a Supportive Environment

Create a nurturing and supportive environment where your child feels safe to express themselves and make mistakes. Dyslexic children may experience frustration or embarrassment due to their struggles with reading or writing. Show patience and provide reassurance that mistakes are a part of learning. Encourage open communication and actively listen to their concerns.

Encourage Independence and Resilience

Promote independence by allowing your child to take ownership of their learning process. Encourage them to set goals, make decisions, and find their own solutions to challenges. Teach them resilience by emphasizing that setbacks are temporary and provide opportunities for growth. Help them understand that perseverance and effort are more important than immediate success.

Foster a Growth Mindset

Instill a growth mindset in your child by teaching them that their abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work. Encourage them to view mistakes and setbacks as opportunities for learning and improvement. Praise their efforts rather than focusing solely on outcomes. By fostering a growth mindset, you help your child develop resilience, perseverance, and a positive attitude towards learning.

Seek Professional Support

You are not alone in supporting your dyslexic child. seek professional help from educators, psychologists, or dyslexia specialists who can provide valuable guidance and interventions tailored to your child's needs. collaborate with their teachers to ensure appropriate accommodations and support are in place at school.

By implementing these strategies, you can actively promote self-esteem and confidence in your dyslexic child. Remember to be patient, supportive, and celebratory of their strengths, as they navigate their individual learning journey.

Seeking Professional Help

When it comes to supporting dyslexic children, seeking professional help can play a crucial role in ensuring their success and well-being. Professional assistance provides specialized guidance and strategies tailored to address the unique challenges faced by dyslexic children.

1. Accurate Diagnosis: Professionals, such as educational psychologists or specialized teachers, have the expertise to accurately diagnose dyslexia. They conduct comprehensive assessments that consider various aspects of a child's learning difficulties, including reading, writing, and phonological skills. An accurate diagnosis is important for developing effective intervention plans.

2. Individualized Intervention: Professionals can develop individualized intervention plans based on a child's specific needs. These plans may include specialized techniques and strategies to improve reading and writing skills, such as multisensory instruction or assistive technology. Individualized interventions are essential to target the specific challenges faced by dyslexic children.

3. Emotional Support: Dyslexia can have a significant impact on a child's self-esteem and emotional well-being. Professionals can provide emotional support and counseling to help dyslexic children cope with their challenges. They can also assist parents in understanding and managing their child's emotional needs, ensuring a supportive environment.

4. Collaboration with Schools: Professionals can collaborate with schools to create a supportive learning environment for dyslexic children. They can work with teachers to implement appropriate teaching strategies, accommodations, and modifications to the curriculum. Collaboration between professionals, parents, and schools is crucial for ensuring consistency in support across different settings.

Supporting dyslexic children can be a complex journey, but seeking professional help can make a significant difference. Professionals offer expertise, individualized intervention plans, emotional support, and collaboration with schools. By accessing professional assistance, parents can provide their children with the necessary tools and support to thrive academically and emotionally. Remember, seeking professional help is not a sign of weakness, but rather a proactive step towards empowering dyslexic children.

Building a Support Network

When it comes to supporting dyslexic children, building a strong support network is crucial. Dyslexia can present unique challenges for children, but with the right resources and support, they can thrive academically and emotionally.

1. Connect with other parents: Reach out to other parents who have children with dyslexia. They can provide valuable insights, share experiences, and offer support. Look for local support groups or online communities where you can connect with like-minded parents.

2. Collaborate with teachers: Establish open lines of communication with your child's teachers. Share information about your child's dyslexia diagnosis and work together to develop strategies that can support their learning needs. Regular meetings with teachers can help monitor progress and address any concerns that may arise.

3. Seek professional guidance: Consult with experts in the field of dyslexia, such as educational psychologists or dyslexia specialists. They can provide you with guidance on interventions, accommodations, and resources that can benefit your child. These professionals can also help you navigate the education system and advocate for your child's needs.

4. Build a supportive home environment: Create a nurturing environment at home that supports your child's learning and emotional well-being. Encourage reading for pleasure, provide access to audiobooks or assistive technology, and celebrate their achievements. Remember to be patient and understanding, as dyslexic children may take longer to develop certain skills.

5. Access community resources: Investigate local resources that offer support for dyslexic children and their families. This could include tutoring programs, after-school clubs, or community centers that provide specialized dyslexia services. These resources can provide additional learning opportunities and social interaction for your child.

By building a strong support network, parents can help their dyslexic children navigate the challenges of dyslexia. Remember, each child is unique, so it's important to customize support strategies based on their individual needs. With the right support, dyslexic children can achieve their full potential and thrive in all areas of life.
Given these points
Supporting dyslexic children requires a multifaceted approach that combines understanding, empathy, and practical strategies. By implementing the tips provided in this blog, parents can play a crucial role in helping their dyslexic children succeed academically and emotionally. Remember, every child is unique, so it's essential to tailor the support to their individual needs and strengths. With the right tools and support, dyslexic children can overcome challenges and reach their full potential.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I identify if my child is dyslexic?

Look for signs such as difficulty with reading, writing, spelling, and phonological awareness. Consult with a professional for a comprehensive assessment.

What can I do to create a supportive environment for my dyslexic child?

Provide positive reinforcement, establish a consistent routine, offer assistive tools, and encourage a growth mindset.

Should I inform my child's teacher about their dyslexia?

Yes, it's crucial to communicate with your child's teacher and discuss appropriate accommodations and support to ensure their academic success.

Are there any assistive technology tools that can help my dyslexic child?

Yes, there are various assistive technology tools available, such as text-to-speech software, speech recognition software, and dyslexia-friendly fonts.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Supporting Dyslexic Children: Tips for Parents

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Dyslexia is a learning difference that affects the way children process language, making it challenging for them to read, write, and spell. As a parent, it's crucial to understand how...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
As a parent, it's easy to feel alone when you're struggling to get the support your dyslexic child ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Lo sentimos, la página que usted busca no se ha podido encontrar. Puede intentar su búsqueda de nuevo o visitar la lista de temas populares.

Kids learn to read at different paces, and it's normal for them to struggle at some point. But if your child seems particularly frustrated with reading and writing over an extended period of time, there's a chance he may have a learning disorder called dyslexia.

Dyslexia might best be described as an unexpected difficulty learning to read. Children with dyslexia struggle with phonology, or the recognition and manipulation of sounds in language. Dyslexia affects a child's ability to decode words - to break them down into constituent sounds, or phonemes, and then to sound out novel words. That makes it hard to recognize words, to retrieve words, to read, to write and to spell. Some children with dyslexia just have problems quickly retrieving words.

The result is a discrepancy between ability and achievement: a child who is struggling with reading despite having the intelligence to be a much better reader. A dyslexic child isn't lacking in intelligence, and isn't necessarily failing in school, since some kids with dyslexia, by putting in a great deal more effort than their peers, are able to keep up with their work, at least in the first few grades. However, it often becomes impossible for them to keep up by about third grade, when they are expected to be able to read fluently - quickly, easily and automatically.

While they may learn to read and compensate for reading weakness in other ways, children do not outgrow dyslexia.

Dr. Sally Shaywitz, co-director of the Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity, estimates that 80 to 90 percent of children who struggle with learning disorders have dyslexia - as many as one in five children. Many dyslexic children go undiagnosed, she argues, and school failure that is attributed to environmental factors or intelligence is often undiagnosed dyslexia. Experts used to think that dyslexia was more common in boys than girls, but current research shows that it affects girls and boys equally.

A young child with dyslexia may:

Have trouble learning simple rhymes

Be speech delayed

Have a hard time following directions

Have difficulty with short words; repeat or leave out words like and, the, but

Have trouble differentiating left from right

In school, kids with dyslexia are likely to:

Have significant difficulty learning to read, including trouble sounding out new words and counting the number of syllables in words

Continue to reverse letters and numbers when reading (read bear as dees, for example) after most kids have stopped doing that, around the age of 8

Struggle with taking notes and copying down words from the board

Have difficulty rhyming, associating sounds with letters, and sequencing and ordering sounds

Have trouble correctly spelling even familiar words; they will often spell them phonetically (cmpt instead of camped)

Lack fluency in reading, continuing to read slowly when other kids are speeding ahead

Avoid reading out loud in class

Show signs of fatigue from reading with great effort

The impact of dyslexia doesn't stop when class ends. The disorder can also affect kids outside of school. Children with dyslexia might also:

Have trouble understanding logos and signs

Have difficulty learning the rules to games

Struggle to remember multi-step directions

Have trouble reading clocks and telling time

Have a particularly hard time learning a new language

Have emotional outbursts as a result of frustration

Social and Emotional Impacts of Dyslexia

While we tend to think of dyslexia as a reading disorder, it also has an effect on a child's social and communication skills. Since it can interfere with being able to retrieve words quickly, dyslexia can hinder a child's ability to interact with peers in a typical way, and respond appropriately in social situations. "A dyslexic person who has word-finding difficulties can have trouble with their expressive language," explains Scott Bezsylko, the executive director of Winston Preparatory School, which specializes in teaching kids with learning disorders. "That has a social impact, in addition to your difficulties with reading and writing, that make you feel not so good about yourself."

Children who are dyslexic, at least until they are diagnosed, often become frustrated and ashamed at their inability to learn to read, and the implication that they are either lazy or stupid. "A lot of our work with dyslexic kids is to help them rediscover that they are smart and capable," notes Beszylko, "because they've stopped believing in themselves."

How Is Dyslexia Diagnosed?

Dyslexia is diagnosed through an evaluation that determines a deficit in reading ability and rules out other possible causes for the deficit, such as hearing problems, or social, environmental or cognitive factors. Usually kids must wait until they are school-aged (or have had significant early reading instruction) to get an accurate assessment.

If you are concerned that your child is not meeting benchmarks for reading skills, you can request that your school district do an evaluation and then review the results with you. The evaluation will measure your child's intellectual capacity and reading skills, to determine if there is an achievement gap.

If your child falls below average in skills like decoding, comprehension, word recognition, word retrieval and reading fluency, your school district should recommend a plan to help bolster those skills.

If you aren't satisfied with the caliber of the evaluation, you are free to seek out a private evaluation by a psychologist, a neuropsychologist, a reading specialist, a speech and language therapist, an educational evaluator or a school psychologist. The professional who does the evaluation should provide you with a report explaining the results and making specific recommendations for your child.

This outside evaluation can be used to make the case to your school district for support or accommodations for your child.

Can Your Child's Teacher Help?

Teachers can be valuable sources of information on how well your child is progressing in reading, notes Dr. Matthew Cruger, director of the Learning and Development Center at the Child Mind Institute. Teachers are familiar with benchmarks and expectations for each age, and may have test results that highlight problems. But even teachers who recognize a lag in reading skills may be reluctant to share that information with parents.

Teachers often are focused on solving reading problems, but identifying or diagnosing a condition like dyslexia is out of the scope of their training. Therefore, in many settings, they are even formally forbidden to suggest that parents explore an evaluation for dyslexia.

Dr. Cruger also notes that if a child isn't meeting benchmarks, parents should assess how much support there is for reading at home: How often do you read to and with your child? Are there books available that suit his reading level? Is reading treated as a fun and important part of your family life?

When Should a Child Be Evaluated?

Some signs of dyslexia are evident in preschool-age children. Preschool evaluations can focus on phonological awareness and word retrieval. However, Dr. Cruger recommends waiting until children are around six years old to pursue an evaluation, when they have received formal reading instruction. If at that point a child is still struggling to recognize rhymes, common letter clusters or simple words, she should be checked out.

It's typical for parents to be told, when kids are struggling in first or second grade, that no intervention is necessary until the third grade, when kids are expected to be fluent readers. But Dr. Shaywitz points to research that shows that for children who are dyslexic, the gap between intelligence and reading ability is already clear in first grade, and the sooner children get help the easier it is for them to close the gap.

Dr. Shaywitz argues that a diagnosis that identifies a child's strengths as well as weaknesses can be a big boost to a child's self-image, since in first grade kids are already comparing themselves to their peers and worrying that there's something wrong with them. A diagnosis also opens the door to help and accommodations that can make a huge difference.

How to Help Kids With Dyslexia

Fortunately, there are evidence-based supports to help children with dyslexia improve their reading skills. A program appropriate to a child with dyslexia might include these features, says Dr. Cruger:

Multi-sensory instruction in decoding skills

Repetition and review of skills

Intensity of intervention-that is, more than being pulled out of class once a week for extra help

Small group or individual instruction

Teaching phonological skills

Drilling sight words

Teaching comprehension strategies, to help kids derive meaning from what they're reading

Dr. Cruger adds that an important part of supporting kids with dyslexia is finding ways to decrease their discomfort about reading, and to make learning to read enjoyable, not humiliating. That means minimizing the amount of time you spend correcting the child, and maximizing encouragement of even small gains.

Reading programs that have been shown to be effective for kids with dyslexia include:

What doesn't help? Simple tutoring in a conventional learning center that is not focused on remediation, or building missing skills, can backfire if it's an unpleasant experience. Practicing reading helps typical readers get better, but can be a source of distress for dyslexic readers. "If the child hates the experience of reading help, it's not helpful," Dr. Cruger notes. "And it's not treating the source of the problem, the phonological weakness."

Accommodations for Kids With Dyslexia

Children who have dyslexia are entitled to accommodations that enable them to learn - and demonstrate their learning - despite their reading challenges. Dr. Shaywitz notes that students with dyslexia often have to fight to get extra time on things like tests, but they shouldn't. "Dyslexia robs a person of time," she says, "and accommodations give the time back to her." Accommodations can include:

Extra time on tests

A quiet space to work

The option to record lectures

The option to give verbal, rather than written, answers (when appropriate)

Elimination of oral reading in class

Exemption from foreign language learning

Other Ways to Support a Child With Dyslexia

For any child who is struggling, it is particularly important to encourage the things he enjoys and excels at, so that he feels confident in some areas. This could be sports, theater, art, science, debate team or anything else that makes him feel good at something.

Sharing stories of successful individuals with dyslexia might also help reinforce that it has nothing to do with intelligence.

Supportive tools and technology can help your child navigate difficult problems:

Audio books can be a great alternative to reading

Typing on a computer or tablet instead of writing

Apps that can help make learning fun by turning phonological awareness into a game

Old-fashioned rulers can help kids with dyslexia read in a straight line, which might help keep them focused

Like most learning disabilities, dyslexia often has hidden costs. If your child has dyslexia he may feel frustrated or embarrassed if asked to do things - like reading out loud - that are difficult for him, especially during class or when other students are present. But the problems can often go beyond school. Dyslexia's impact on day-to-day activities - playing board games, following directions or even reading clocks accurately - can cause kids to feel self-conscious and avoidant.

Helping your child understand her learning disorder can give her the tools she needs to manage her dyslexia - both academically and emotionally.

Talk to her about the difficulties dyslexia can cause and be specific: "You know how you have a hard time reading signs, or copying notes from the board? That's dyslexia."

Acknowledge her struggles and praise hard work - even if the results aren't perfect: "I understand how challenging that reading assignment was. I was so proud of how hard you worked on it."

Help her identify specific strengths: "That drawing you made of our family had such vivid colors and details. You're a great artist."

Combat negative self-talk: If your child starts saying things like "I'm just stupid," don't ignore it. Instead, check out these ideas for helping kids who are too hard on themselves.

This guide was last reviewed or updated on February 23, 2023.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Lo sentimos, la página que usted busca no se ha podido encontrar. Puede intentar su búsqueda de nuevo o visitar la lista de temas populares. Kids learn to read at different paces, and it's normal for them to struggle at some point.

# data[].attributes.body
Children with Dyslexia benefit from small breaks throughout lessons or assignments. These breaks can help limit stress and anxiety that can be formed around learning with a disability.

# data[].attributes.body
Something as simple as seating can greatly impact a child's learning experience. A child with dyslexia would benefit from sitting closer to the front, because it allows them to get a little more attention during learning.

# data[].attributes.body
Children with dyslexia need things broken down for them in smaller pieces, because they struggle to comprehend larger instructions.

Ex. A lesson plan should be broken down into steps to support understanding of the lesson materials.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
These five easy-to-implement accommodations can make class less stressful and more manageable for students with dyslexia.

©Shutterstock/Ursula Ferrara

ivzwrmt drgs wbhocrz rh vcszfhgrmt
For many of us, reading is as automatic as breathing. But for the millions of students with dyslexia, reading is a difficult task that poses constant academic and emotional challenges. To simulate the experience of reading with dyslexia, try using this key to decipher the coded statement below.

What you have just done is relearn to read. You've taken symbols and connected them with new speech sounds. Until those connections are automatic, the reading process will be laborious and draining. Now imagine reading like this-every word you encounter all day long. This is how it can feel for students with dyslexia.

Although awareness of dyslexia is steadily growing due to campaigns by grassroots movements like Decoding Dyslexia and national organizations like the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) and the National Center on Learning Disabilities (NCLD), many educators are still unfamiliar with what dyslexia is and how to accommodate it in the classroom.

Here's what we know: Dyslexia is common, affecting 5 to 17 percent of students. It is the result of one or more brain-based language processing challenges in the area of rapid automatized naming (RAN), working memory, and phonological and/or auditory processing. Dyslexia is hereditary, often passed down from a parent or grandparent who has struggled with it. Dyslexia occurs on a spectrum, so some students may fly under the radar with a mild case while others are profoundly impacted.

Dyslexia can occur comorbidly with other learning difficulties like dysgraphia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dyspraxia, and/or dyscalculia.

Dyslexia is not linked to intelligence, a finding supported by research from Yale University and demonstrated by the long list of successful innovators with dyslexia-including Richard Branson, Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs, and Albert Einstein-proving that the dyslexic mind can indeed be highly intelligent.

Students with dyslexia can be remediated with evidence-based, Structured Literacy programs delivered by teachers trained in reading instruction to increase accuracy, reading fluency, and text comprehension.

In addition to quality intervention, students with dyslexia benefit from classroom accommodations that take into account their unique processing challenges and allow them to demonstrate their content understanding and access the curriculum with more ease.

Easy-to-Implement Accommodations

Here are five easy-to-implement accommodations to support students with dyslexia in the classroom:

1. Provide access to audiobooks: Students with dyslexia often have an intellectual ability that is well above their academic reading level. Strengthen critical thinking, vocabulary skills, and background knowledge by allowing students to listen to audiobooks during classroom reading time.

Some great options for classroom audiobook access can be found at Learning Ally, a nonprofit provider of human-read audiobooks; OverDrive Education, another provider of human-read audiobooks; and Bookshare, a provider of computerized audiobooks (free for qualified U.S. students and schools). Another free option is to upload an e-book on a Kindle app and ask Amazon's Alexa to "read my latest Kindle book."

You can take away the stigma of "ear reading" by offering audiobooks as a reading option for the whole class.

2. Allow students to use note-taking apps: Students with dyslexia can struggle with everyday tasks like note taking, transcribing from lectures, and writing down spoken directions. Allow students to skip the arduous task of transcribing notes from the board by using assistive-technology apps like Notability or Evernote to take pictures of lecture notes to review and study later.

3. Permit students to record assignment instructions and lectures for playback: At the root of dyslexia is a language processing issue, so students with dyslexia sometimes struggle with multistep verbal instructions and paying attention through long lectures. Allow students to record important assignment instructions and lectures for playback with voice notes using Siri from Apple or Read&Write, a free Google Chrome extension from TextHelp.

4. Offer reduced homework problems: Students with dyslexia need the practice that comes with homework, but because of their processing difficulties, homework can take three to five times longer for these students than it does for their peers. Allow students with dyslexia to do every other problem or only half the problems to keep the focus of homework on demonstrating and practicing content knowledge as opposed to making it an exercise in endurance.

5. Encourage use of text-to-speech: In later grades, students with dyslexia will need to access text that is above their academic ability in order to complete class assignments, and text-to-speech can be a real game changer. Students can look for the BrowseAloud logo to find websites that are speech-to-text enabled or download the Read&Write Google Chrome extension to translate all web text into spoken words.

Dealing with dyslexia is difficult in today's text-heavy education system. These accommodations are just the tip of the iceberg for making students feel supported and accepted in the classroom.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
These five easy-to-implement accommodations can make class less stressful and more manageable for students with dyslexia.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Do you have a child who is Dyslexic and you're spinning your wheels to get help for him or her in the classroom?

I have been there. We homeschool now but this was something we worked through when one of our boys was in public school.

There is a process to obtaining these accommodations and modifications for your Dyslexic child, but it can be done.

These are resources that are working for Anthony. I am not a professional, simply a mom who has watched our journey evolve. When our journey began I had no idea what resources, accommodations, modifications, etc., were available to us, nor did I understand the process needed when asking for these tools. And in our situation the school did not just offer them. We had to ask- aside from the two year dyslexia program Anthony was enrolled in when his diagnosis was given. While this two year dyslexia program is great, there are needs that must be met in the traditional classroom setting and in his day to day learning.

Accommodations and Modifications for Dyslexic Children:

- this is a lap size computer device that can be used in a simple manner or a more complex manner. There are different versions available- some with more frills than others. We have a basic version. This year the school supplied Anthony with three- one that stays at home, one that stays in his main classroom, and one to use in his reading classroom. At home we use it to practice for his spelling test and practice writing stories. You can also have it link up to your printer so the student can print out what he types. What is so great about this device is sometimes words and letters get lost for a dyslexic student when going from their mind, to their pencil, to their paper. How do I make that letter? Did I spell that word right? Can the teacher read my writing? The Alphasmart allows the student to focus on the story they want to tell instead of fearing their penmanship might not be legible, wondering if they spelled each word correctly, etc. With some versions you can even upload worksheets and allow the student to complete some of their classwork using the Alphasmart. Find what works best for your child. Right now the basic version meets our needs.

2) Break Instruction into Parts - this is a simple request. Sometimes dyslexic students become very overwhelmed when given too many tasks or

steps at one time. Ask the teacher(s) to break things down into steps for your student.

3) Online Reading - likely your child's classroom has a computer. Ask that your student be given time to read online. Sometimes just changing the medium in which a story is delivered can make the reading process easier for a dyslexic child. Ask that your child be given 20-30 minutes of reading computer time each day if available. (You can also do this at home!)

4) Modified Spelling List - if your child is dyslexic and is struggling with their spelling tests each week, there is absolutely no reason to put your child through that stress and feeling of failure. Ask that his spelling test be modified according to his learning needs. This is how it is implemented for us; Anthony is pulled out of his classroom each day for 45 minutes of intense training with his dyslexia teacher (this is part of the two year program). While working on things like decoding, fluency, accuracy, comprehension and phonological needs, his dyslexia teacher identifies where Anthony's struggles are each week and his next spelling list is developed based on his current needs and struggles. This is genius and directly affects his success! (If your student excels and enjoys the computer and penmanship is a struggle, it is not out of line to request that he be allowed to take his spelling test using the computer or an Alphasmart.)

5) Request Regular Feedback - the dyslexia teacher at our school travels to other campuses. It is not always possible to find her on on campus, but I like feedback. I do not want to arrive at the end of a six weeks (or even a 3 week progress update) where I am suddenly being told Anthony is not meeting the mark for specific areas. We have an agreement that his dyslexia teacher updates us each day in his school planner with a quick note about how he is doing. A simple smiley face, a quick note that his behavior was not ideal, or a happy message that he is souring with his decoding skills is great. It allows us to know where we need to work harder at home.

6) Close Seating to Instruction - if your child struggles with being independent or lacks confidence it can be ideal to have him seated close to instruction.

7) Access to Reading Programs - such as RFB&D (recording for the blind and dyslexic) is a program for children and adults. Their program gives your student access to over 60,000 audio books for free. The audio access allows you to download books directly to a Microsoft Windows based computer. You should be able to obtain your free one year membership via your public school system or by visiting this link https://custhub.rfbd.org/registration . This is available to any student in the public, private or homes-schooled setting that has a certified print disability. Textbooks, novels, chapter books, etc., are included in their audio access library.

8) MP3 Player or Kindle - the school system can pay for this tool for you. It is simply another resource that allows your child to enjoy reading. We were assigned an MP3 player and it is at home with us. It is another option for downloaded books and allowing him to listen to them and read along while he finds his love for reading.

9) Access to Title One Reading Programs - because we are in a Title One school here in Texas, there is additional funding given to our school for at risk students who need extra help with skills such a reading. You do not have to have a learning difference or disability to participate in this program it is simply extra one-on-one learning for your child. A Title One reading program is offered at our school and was made available to Anthony this school year. He stays after school two days per week and gets additional one-on-one reading instruction for 30-45 minutes.

10) Whisper Phone - this is a nifty tool that can be very helpful to a dyslexic student when reading independently. You can read more about the whisper phone online . Anthony's teacher actually has a knock-off version of this phone made using PVC pipe. Some dyslexic children need to hear themselves when they are reading but in the classroom this can get loud. The whisper phone idea allows the student to read to themselves in a whisper and the phone amplifies their voice and helps with comprehension.

11) Not Penalized For Spelling Errors - in traditional classwork, your student should not be counted off for, or penalized for, spelling errors. Obviously this does not apply to spelling tests. Why shoot their self esteem down by losing points on a writing assignment? The focus should be good content and good story telling.

12) Buddy or Peer - it can be helpful to have a buddy or peer identified in the classroom that your child can count on if the teacher is busy and he needs help pronouncing a word, or needs to ask for guidance that a peer can assist him with. Obviously the guidelines need to be identified ahead of time. You do not want your student being a burden to another student, but team work can do wonders!

Initially we were not greeted with open arms and were actually cautioned that we were potentially hampering his learning and were told he could be successful without them. On the other hand, the school did customarily offer accommodations on all state standardized tests. You know, the tests that directly effect their scores, overall standing with the state, and potentially their funding.

Tell me, what has your experience been when seeking accommodations and modifications for your child in the public school setting? What is working for your child and what is not working? I would love to hear from you.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
12 Accommodations and Modifications for Dyslexic Children in Public School

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Do you have a child who is Dyslexic and you're spinning your wheels to get help for him or her in the classroom? I have been there. We homeschool now but this was something we worked through when one of our boys was in public school.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
How are children tested for dyslexia? Get examples of types of tests in a dyslexia evaluation and what they measure.

# data[].attributes.body
https://crystalandcomp.com/author/crystal. (2015, March 3). 12 Accommodations and Modifications for Dyslexic Children in Public School. CrystalandComp.com. https://crystalandcomp.com/12-accommodations-and-modifications-for/

‌

Kelly, K. (n.d.). Tests for Dyslexia. Www.understood.org. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/tests-for-dyslexia

# data[].attributes.body
Hamman, J. (2018, April 12). Accommodating Students With Dyslexia. Edutopia; George Lucas Educational Foundation. https://www.edutopia.org/article/accommodating-students-dyslexia

# data[].attributes.body
Mayo Clinic . (2017). Dyslexia - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353552