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Type of speaking that only takes place in a classroom during instruction.

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1. Barone, S. M., Dickinson, S. (2023). Academic Speaking and the Boundaries of Routinized Lexical Phrases. (n.p.): University of Michigan Press.

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1. Barone, S. M., Dickinson, S. (2023). Academic Speaking and the Boundaries of Routinized Lexical Phrases. (n.p.): University of Michigan Press.

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The increase in the use of social networks has totally impacted social systems of communication such as language. One of the effects we find is the massive emergence of English words and expressions. Due to the popularity of social networks such as Facebook or Twitter (Folqués, 2022, p. 1).

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They are the product of paradigm shifts, of the natural evolution of man and his creations. Man is the one who adapts to his needs, the one who creates and modifies (Parrilla, 2008, p. 134).

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2. Folqués, D. G. (2022). Uso de los anglicismos en Facebook y Twitter: Un estudio sobre la influencia de estas palabras en la sociedad española y sus entidades académicas. DELTA: Documentação De Estudos Em Lingüística Teórica E Aplicada, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-460x202238247866

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2. Folqués, D. G. (2022). Uso de los anglicismos en Facebook y Twitter: Un estudio sobre la influencia de estas palabras en la sociedad española y sus entidades académicas. DELTA: Documentação De Estudos Em Lingüística Teórica E Aplicada, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-460x202238247866

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Form of electronic communication through which people create online communication to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc. Some examples of these social media platforms include Facebook, Google +, Twitter, Whatsapp, Pinterest, Snapchat, Instagram, Wikia, and YouTube. (Ngulube & Nwamaka, 2023, p. 12).

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4. Ngulube I.E., Nwamaka C.S. (2023), Standard English and the Distortion Introduced by Social Media Short Messages. International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics 6(2), 11-44. DOI: 10.52589/IJLLL-RK4S7QUR

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4. Ngulube I.E., Nwamaka C.S. (2023), Standard English and the Distortion Introduced by Social Media Short Messages. International Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics 6(2), 11-44. DOI: 10.52589/IJLLL-RK4S7QUR

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It has been established as the ideal technological means to access different types of information and enable communication in a dynamic and instantaneous way (Cjahua, 2019, p. 53).

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5. Cjahua, C. D. D. (2019). Las redes sociales y su repercusión en el lenguaje de la población universitaria. Acta Herediana, 62(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.20453/ah.v62i1.3509

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5. Cjahua, C. D. D. (2019). Las redes sociales y su repercusión en el lenguaje de la población universitaria. Acta Herediana, 62(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.20453/ah.v62i1.3509

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Learners choose to learn languages using online resources as the number of portable, digital, Android, smart and intelligent devices keep growing. Learners have stated that e-learning platforms assist them in practising language skills and learning new English vocabularies while they are learning English (Ying et al., 2021).

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6. Ying, Y. H., Siang, W. E. W., & Mohamad, M. (2021). The challenges of learning English skills and the integration of social media and video conferencing tools to help ESL learners coping with the challenges during COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review. Creative Education, 12(07), 1503-1516. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.127115

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6. Ying, Y. H., Siang, W. E. W., & Mohamad, M. (2021). The challenges of learning English skills and the integration of social media and video conferencing tools to help ESL learners coping with the challenges during COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review. Creative Education, 12(07), 1503-1516. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.127115

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Social media streams are characterized by short messages; utilization of progressively advancing sporadic, casual, abridged words, syntactic and spelling blunders; blended dialects; vagueness; and inappropriate sentence structure (Kolajo et al., 2022).

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7. Kolajo, T., Daramola, O., & Adebiyi, A. A. (2022). Real-time event detection in social media streams through semantic analysis of noisy terms. Journal of Big Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00642-y

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7. Kolajo, T., Daramola, O., & Adebiyi, A. A. (2022). Real-time event detection in social media streams through semantic analysis of noisy terms. Journal of Big Data, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00642-y

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8. Nikonova, V. G. (2020). Conceptual equivalence of colloquialisms in cross-cultural cinematic discourse as a translation challenge. MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology, 23(2), 92-101.

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8. Nikonova, V. G. (2020). Conceptual equivalence of colloquialisms in cross-cultural cinematic discourse as a translation challenge. MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology, 23(2), 92-101.

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A colloquialism is an informal expression that is used more often in relaxed conversation than in formal speech or writing. These develop in language through years of casual communication between familiar speakers. (Nikonova, V.G 2020, p.92-101.)

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Language barriers are a common challenge in international business, aviation and social settings. They affect our daily life.

Language barriers are the root causes of many problems or obstacles in health care, aviation, maritime, business, and education. Abuarqoub, I.A.S. (2019).

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9. language Barriers Abuarqoub, I.A.S. (2019). Language barriers to effective communication. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 24(n° EXTRA 6), 64-77.

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9. language Barriers Abuarqoub, I.A.S. (2019). Language barriers to effective communication. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 24(n° EXTRA 6), 64-77.

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Jargon is a kind of language created by users themselves. Users create or mold existing words according to their convenience and interest, and this vocabulary is more likely to be changed.

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10. Sidgi, L. F. S. (2021). The impact of social media on learning English vocabularies. International Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED), 3(4), 90-96.

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10. Sidgi, L. F. S. (2021). The impact of social media on learning English vocabularies. International Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED), 3(4), 90-96.

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The implicit knowledge of linguistic principles which each speaker posseses.

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11. Rankin, T., Whong, M. (2020). Grammar: A Linguists' Guide for Language Teachers. India: Cambridge University Press.

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11. Rankin, T., Whong, M. (2020). Grammar: A Linguists' Guide for Language Teachers. India: Cambridge University Press.

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12. Bergami, R. & Aulino, B. & Zafar, A. The Influence of Cyber Language on Adolescents Learning English as a Second Language: Voices from Italy and Pakistan. International Journal of Learning. 18. 107-120. 10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v18i12/47826. 

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12. Bergami, R. & Aulino, B. & Zafar, A. The Influence of Cyber Language on Adolescents Learning English as a Second Language: Voices from Italy and Pakistan. International Journal of Learning. 18. 107-120. 10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v18i12/47826. 

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One of the variations of the language includes a discussion on its nature as an intermediate form between oral language and written language and the forces responsible for the linguistic changes.

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"Neology is the area that studies the creation of new words, and its definition can vary according to different authors. For instance, Guilbert and Rondeau (1975, 1984, cited in Díaz, 2015) express that this science studies recent linguistic developments that arise at a specific moment in relation to the evolution of the living language, where the levels of analysis and description are reflected. Similarly, Fernández-Sevilla (1982, cited in Díaz, 2015) asserts that neology is the process of inventing new words and having them become a part of common language, which leads to its renewal."Dávila Moya, M. I., & Hernández Neria, E. A. (2021).

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13.Dávila Moya, M. I., & Hernández Neria, E. A. (2021). "Traducción/Interpretación en Idiomas Extranjeros: Neologismos surgidos en redes sociales durante el período de la COVID-19 y su equivalente en español, francés e inglés" (Tesis de licenciatura). Facultad de Humanidades y Arte, Departamento de Idiomas Extranjeros, Profesor(a) guía: Carolin Adam, Concepción, Chile.

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13.Dávila Moya, M. I., & Hernández Neria, E. A. (2021). "Traducción/Interpretación en Idiomas Extranjeros: Neologismos surgidos en redes sociales durante el período de la COVID-19 y su equivalente en español, francés e inglés" (Tesis de licenciatura). Facultad de Humanidades y Arte, Departamento de Idiomas Extranjeros, Profesor(a) guía: Carolin Adam, Concepción, Chile.

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15. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL)

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15. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL)

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Field that involves authentic materials through online resources which can be used to foster autonomy in language learning without studying abroad.

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15. The Handbook of Advanced Proficiency in Second Language Acquisition. (2020). Reino Unido: Wiley.

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15. The Handbook of Advanced Proficiency in Second Language Acquisition. (2020). Reino Unido: Wiley.

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"Mutates, innovates. For some, it devolves due to the digital age, computers, and cell phones. For others, it's a natural process in humans, adapting to their needs and times, and to their surroundings." Parrilla, E. A., (2008)

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14.  Parrilla, E. A.,  (2008). Alteraciones del lenguaje en la era digital. Comunicar, XV(30), 131-136. 

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14.  Parrilla, E. A.,  (2008). Alteraciones del lenguaje en la era digital. Comunicar, XV(30), 131-136. 

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