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Renaissance artist, Raphael, was born on April 3rd 1483 in Urbino, Italy, but died April 6th 1520. Not much is known about Raphael’s childhood but as a teenager Raphael became an apprentice to world renowned artist, Peruguino. Raphael worked closely with the famous artist and began to earn his trust. Raphael was described as a “master” at a young age and Peruguino let him paint an altarpiece he was working on. Making a name for himself, Raphael was commissioned to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia. His close relationship with Peruguino influenced young Raphael’s style. Peruguino’s work was described as calm and exquisite and his mentorship over Raphael propelled Raphael into a prosperous career.(Sarti)(Heydenreich)

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Raphael moved to Florence to compete and learn with artists Michelangelo and Leonardo Da vinci. After moving to Florence, drawings became an important role for Raphael's learning of techniques in Florentine with mass, form, light, and movement. In Florence he painted Madonna which was a humanist style of artwork. He eventually made other paintings in Florence but he made his most famous painting and biggest accomplishments in Rome.
(Sarti), (Raphael)

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Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla. His mother died in 1491 when Raphael was just eight years old. His dad was a painter who never “made it” in his profession. However, he was able to inspire and teach Raphael to love painting. He also gave Raphael lessons on humanistic philosophy before his death in 1494, when Raphael was just eleven years old. His uncle, Bartolomeo, became his legal guardian but had no significant role in Raphael’s upbringing. As an adult, Raphael was engaged to Maria Bibbiena, the daughter of a cardinal. Despite the engagement, Raphael pushed off the wedding and Maria Bibbiena died before they could get married. He never married but it’s rumored that he had a relationship with a woman named Margarita Luti.

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Raphael created his most notable pieces in the Italian city, Rome. Arguably his most significant piece, The School of Athens, was painted in 1510. The fresco (painting) is a complex painting that shows the progressive humanist and philosophical focus of the time period. It depicts prominent artists of the Renaissance time period as world renowned philosophers who lived hundreds of years earlier. Some of these figures are Aristotle and Plato, two of the most famous philosophers of all time. The School of Athens represents the shift from religious themes to the study of ancient Greek and Roman history during the Renaissance. Art used to depict strictly religious subjects but as culture during the Italian Renaissance shifted and became more secular, artists began to expand their creative freedom. The painting is located in the papal apartments of the Vatican. (Heydenreich)(Raphael)

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