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Phonemic Awareness is the process that students use to identify and hear phonemes which are the smallest units of sound. (Houston, 2025) This process will make breaking down words easier for the students that are learning new vocabulary words.

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Phonics is the process of grouping letters together in a word, such as the example picture added above. This is important for students to understand the relationships in words based on the letters in those words.

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Fluency is the process of being able to read material and not struggle with any part of the reading, this also transitions and applies to the same thing with speaking. Being able to read sentences or talking to someone and holding a conversation with someone.

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Group repeated reading is something that will help students have good fluency in the classroom. When a student reads a passage more than one it will help them apply the fluency of reading and help them develop more in their readings in new vocabulary words.

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"i-Spy" is a game that parents and siblings can use together to help work on the Phonemic awareness at their own house, iSpy is a game where someone chooses a letter and the other person has to guess what object they are talking about and say the word out loud.

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Rhyme time, this is when, "Each activity for rhyme recognition helps your child to learn how to isolate the ending sounds in words." (Voyagersopris, 2022). This will help with students learning how to read and talk and say certain words that they may have been struggling with.

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All three components (Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency)

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All three components (Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency)

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The explanation of each component.

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References

Houston, S. (2025). What is Phonemic Awareness? The Foundation for Reading and Spelling Success. Retrieved from Phonics Hero: https://phonicshero.com/phonemic-awareness/#:~:text=Isolation:%20students%20recognise%20individual%20sounds,existing%20word%2C%20e.g.%20trap%20%E2%80%93%20strap

Voyagersopris. (2022, June 21). 6 Phonemic Awareness Activities To Help Your Child Learn To Read. Retrieved from voyagersopris: https://www.voyagersopris.com/blog/edview360/6-phonemic-awareness-activities-to-help-your-child-learn-to-read

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Vocabulary is an important component in the classroom to have. Vocabulary is when students are able to communicate verbally and writing wise in the classroom. Being able to understand words that may have been more complex help them with expression their own emotions in the classroom.

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Comprehension is one of the most important components in the classroom for a student to have. Comprehension is when students are able to understand sentences, relationships of people in the text that they are reading. (Brandon, 2021)

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Talking about related vocabulary words is an activity in the classroom that could help students find success in the classroom. This is when they brainstorm together to find words that are similar to the vocabulary word that they may be struggling with in the classroom.

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"Tell me about it" is a good classroom activity to help with comprehension. This is when the students take the time after their group reading and they talk to everyone about what happened in the story, who was important in the story and what importance they had in the story. (Rockets, 2025)

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At Home Activities for Vocabulary and Comprehension

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At Home Activities for Vocabulary and Comprehension

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Reading together at home with help with both vocabulary and comprehension at home. This will give the parents an opportunity to work with their kids in better understanding the both of these components. The parents would be able to work with their kids on helping them with whatever words they are struggling to comprehend and help them find similar vocabulary words to work with one another.

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At Home Activities for Vocabulary and Comprehension

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5 Resources that support the components of reading

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5 Resources that support the components of reading

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ELL Resources: https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/english-language-learners/articles/english-language-learners-and-five-essential-components#:~:text=2.,Reading%20comprehension%20strategies

Special Education:

https://www.lexialearning.com/blog/best-reading-strategies-for-special-education-students

Others:

https://amplify.com/science-of-reading-the-podcast/#:~:text=6%20million%20downloads-,Science%20of,The%20Podcast&text=Science%20of%20Reading%3A%20The%20Podcast%20delivers%20the%20latest%20insights%20from,to%20the%20Science%20of%20Reading.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFZrqYPuOfvgFxgKPn2LKyYOKcKrHtKs1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSDbbXdRuCU

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There are a lot of ways that us as educators could support our students. Students with or without exceptionalities can be treated the same, there doesn't have to be a different way that they are treated. Students without any differentials may have a little bit of a change in the instructions for the students that need the extra help or instruction in the classroom. The students that also have exceptionalities in the classroom would have the option to use other resources in the classroom to help them find success, such as technology that is present in the classrooms for students now. The students that don't have any exceptionalities would be able to help their other classmates on finding success in their learnings, they will be able to help one another find new ways to learn and expand their knowledge in the classroom.

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Explaining Comprehension and Vocabulary

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Brandon, D. (2021, March 26). The Importance of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from Extension: https://www.aces.edu/blog/topics/home-family-urban/the-importance-of-reading-comprehension/

Rockets, R. (2025). Comprehension: Activities for Your Kindergartener. Retrieved from Reading Rockets: https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/your-kindergartener/comprehension-activities#:~:text=Reading%20aloud%20is%20a%20great,see%20the%20world%20with%20empathy.