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Birth - 1 Month

Infants begin their journey adapting to the outside world as it is different from the one experience in the UTERO.

The newborn system for breathing,

eating, eliminating, regulating body temperature functional, and ready to take over when birthed.

~Infants weight is approximately 6.5 to 9 pounds.

~Loses between 5-7 perecent of birth weight

~Gains an average of 5-6 ounces

~ An average of 18-21 inches in length

~Normal Body temperature ranges from 96 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit

~Sleeps between 17-19 hours per day (Spend

most of their time sleeping)

~Begins to establish bonding relationships

~ Takes six to ten feedings, totaling 18-22 oz

per 24 hrs expresses the need for food by crying

Motor Development

~Engages in motor activity: Motor

Development is developed engaging in

movements, reflexive, and automatic responses

that help for their protection and survival.

Swallow, gag, coughs, yawns, sucking, and blinking

~Pupils dialate and respond to light, they also turn their heads from side to side when placed in a prone position.

~Attempts are made to follow object that are out of eye direction.

~ Newborns also become familiar of their environment

(Perceptual-Cognitive Development)

~Benefits from being fed upright to avoid the risk of choking and developing ear infections.

~Signals the need for diaper change by crying

Suffocation is the number one cause of unintentional death among infants younger than one-year-old

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Wonders of infancy continue to unfold. Growth proceeds at a rapid pace. Body systems are fairly well stabilized.

~Averages 20-27 inches.

~Weighs an average of 8-16 pounds.

~Normal body temperature ranges from 96.4°F- 99.6°F.

~Grabs onto small objects to hold onto using the entire hand strength

~Takes five to eight feedings |5 -6 ounces each] per day; may eat more often if fed on demand

~Sleeps 14-17 hours

Development Profiles:

~Moves eyes from one object to another.

~Focuses on a small object and reaches for it; Imitates gestures that are modeled: bye-bye.

~Looks in the direction of a sound source

~Motor skills improve as strength and voluntary muscle control increase. Different crying patterns are used to express distinct needs (e.g., discomfort, hunger, fatigue, frustra-tion).

~Begins to mouth objects Reacts (stops whimpering, startles) to sounds, such as a voice, rattle, or doorbell. Later; will search for a sound source by turning the head and looking in the direction of sound. Coos, using single vowel sounds (e.g., ah,eh)

Social and Emotional Development

~Laughs out loud.

~Smiles in response to a friendly face or voice

~Brings hands together

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Between four and eight months, infants are developing a wide range of skills and greater ability to use their bodies for purposeful activities. They seem to be busy every waking mo-ment, manipulating and mouthing toys and other objects.

~Gains approximately 1 pound

~Increases length by approximately 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) per month

~Begins to develop teeth, with upper and lower incisors erupting first.

~Gums may become red and swollen, accompanied by increased drooling, chewing, biting, and mouthing of objects

~Adjusts feeding times to the family's schedule; usually takes three to four feedings per day, each 6- 8 ounces, depending on sleep schedule.

~Sleeps 11-13 hours through the night.

﻿﻿~Takes two or three naps per day.

Motor Development:

~The blinking reflex is well established.

~The sucking reflex becomes voluntary.

﻿﻿~The Moro reflex disappears.

~Reaches for objects with both arms simultaneously; later reaches with one hand or the other.

~Helps to hold onto the bottle during feedings; if breastfed, may place a hand on the breast.

~Sits alone without support

~Pulls self into a crawling position

~Rolls over from front to back and back to front

~Establishes full attachment to the mother or primary caregiver: seeks out and prefers to be held by this adult, which coincides with a growing understanding of object permanence.

Speech and Language Development

~Responds appropriately to her name and simple requests such as "Come," "Eat," and "Wave bye-bye."

~Expresses emotions, such as pleasure, satisfaction, and anger, by making different sounds. "Talks" to toys and objects.

Social and Emotional Development

~ Reacts differently to noises, such as a phone ringing, door slamming, toilet flushing, or dog barking; may begin to cry, whimper, or look to the parent or caregiver for reassurance.

~Attachment bond is formed between parents and infants.

~Infants needs a safe environment where they are free to move around, explore and practice motor skills.

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Between eight and twelve months of age, the infant is gearing up for two major developmental events-

-walking and talking. These milestones usually begin around the infant's first birthday

~Grows at a slower rate than during the previous months; averages an increase of 1/2 inch in length per month

~Weight increases approximately 1 pound per month

~Body temperature ranges from 96.49F 99.6°F

~Eats three meals per day, plus mid-morning or mid-afternoon snacks such as juice, fruit, crackers, and cereal. ~Enjoys eating with family members; usually has a good appetite.

~Begins to refuse bottle; shows greater interest in drinking from a cup.

﻿﻿~Learns to drink from a cup; wants to hold it alone; will even tilt the head backward to get the last drop.

﻿﻿~Begins to eat finger foods; may remove food from mouth, look at it, and put it back in.

﻿﻿~Develops certain food likes and dislikes.

Motor Development

~Reaches with one hand leading to grasp an offered object or toy

~Manipulates objects, transferring them from one hand to the other.

~Explores new objects by poking with one finger.

~Maintains good balance when sitting; can shift positions without falling.

Perceptual cognitive Development

~Watches people, objects, and activities in the immediate

environment.

~Shows awareness of distant objects

~Begins to understand the meaning of some words

Speech and Language Development

~Nods head to indicate "no" and might occasionally do so for "yes."

~Babbles in sentence-like sequences, "ma ma ma ma," "ba ba ba";

~Waves bye-bye; claps hands when asked.

~Imitates sounds

~Enjoys rhymes and simple songs; vocalizes and dances to music.

Social and Emotional Development

~Continues to exhibit a definite fear of strangers (stranger anxiety); clings to or hides behind the parent or primary caregiver; may begin to resist being away from familiar adults (separation anxiety)

Developmental profiles

~Repeats behaviors that get attention

~Looks up and smiles at a person who is speaking upon hearing his name.

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Toddlers are dynamos, full of unlimited energy, enthusiasm, and curiosity. Although their rate of growth slows significantly during this stage, important developmental changes are taking place.

~Grows at a considerably slower rate during this period.

~Gains approximately 2-3 inches in height per year

~Weighs approximately 21-27 pounds

~Teeth begin to erupt rapidly; six to ten new teeth appear

~Has a much smaller appetite than as an infant; lunch is often the preferred meal

~(willing to eat only a few preferred foods, such as peanut butter and jelly sandwiches and macaroni and cheese)

~Uses a spoon with some degree of skill

~Shows good control of a cup (i.e, lifts it up, drinks from it, sets it down, and holds

~Sleeps 10-12 hours at night. May fall asleep at dinner if the nap

Motor Development

~Crawls skillfully and quickly to a desired location

~Stands alone with the feet spread apart

~Enjoys pushing or pulling toys while walking.

~Attempts to run but difficulty stopping and usually just drops to the floor.

~Helps turn page during story time

~Stacks two or four objects with reasonable accuracy

~Attempt to talk or repeat words.

﻿﻿~Understand some new words.

﻿﻿~Respond to own name or answer simple questions with "Yes" or "No".

﻿﻿~Walk alone (or with very little help).

﻿﻿~Exhibit a variety of emotions: anger, delight, fear, and surprise.

~﻿﻿Show interest in pictures; point to named objects when asked.

Perceptual Cognitive Development

~Enjoys looking at picture books

~Shoes or offers a toy for another person to look at

~Uses some facial expressions but they are not always an accurate representation

~Imitates gestures

Speech and Language Development

~Points to familiar persons

~Understands and identifies body parts

~Responds yes or no

~Locates familiar objects upon request

Social Emotional Development

~Remains friendly towards others although they are shy

~Helps pick up and put away toys when asked

~Become anxious or cries when parents are out of sight or leave

~Plays alone for short periods

~Recognizes self in mirror

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This year can be terrific, but it can also be a challenge for the child, family, and teachers. The two-year-old faces demands that can be overwhelming at times: new skills and behaviors to be learned and remembered, neds and feelings that are difficulto express.

~Grains an average of 2-2.5 pounds per year

~Gows approximately 3 5 inches per year

~Body temperature continues to fluctuate with activity, emotional state, and environment.

~The brain reaches about 80 percent of its adult size.

~Eruption of teeth is nearly complete; second molars appear, for a total of twenty

~Has fair appetite; interest in food fluctuates with periods of growth; lunch is often the preferred meal.

~Needs between-meal snacks, which should be of good nutritive value (fresh fruits and vegetables, cheese with whole-grain crackers, or yogurt), with junk foods limited.

~Feeds self with increasing skill

~Has better control of a cup or glass, although frequent spills are likely to happen.

~Sleeps 9-12 hours

Motor Development

~Walks with a more erect, heel-to-toe pattern; able to maneuver around obstacles in a pathway.

~Runs with confidence

~Balances on one foot

~Climbs stairs unassisted

~Begins to achieve toilet training during this year

~Opens doors by turning doorknobs.

~Climbs up on a chair, turns around, and sits down.

Perceptual Cognitive Development

~Follows simple requests and directions: "Find your sweater," "Come here."

~Begins to use objects for it’s purpose other than the intended ones

~Stares for long moments

~Sits quietly and engages in self selected activities for long periods

~Names objects in picture books

~Recognizes and expresses pain

Speech and Language Development

~Uses 50-300 words

~Refers to as “Me” or “I” sometimes

~Expresses negative statements by words such as “no” or “not”

~Ask repeatedly “what” or “why”

Social and Emotional Development

~Shows signs of empathy and caring (comforts another child who is hurt or frightened)

~Continues to use physical aggression if frustrated or angry

~Often expresses frustration through temper tantrums

~Finds it difficult to wait or take turns; often impatient.

~Is bossy at times; orders peers and adults around; makes demands and expects immediate compliance.

~Finds it difficult to make choices; wants both options at the same time.

~Shows much defiance; shouting "No!" becomes almost automatic.