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1. How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

Air pollution was not as major of a problem currently, but was still very much prevalent because of deforestation. Deforestation came from many cities, the most notable being, Rome and Greece. Many early civilizations also fell due to deforestation.

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

Water pollution was shown to be a thing back in the days ,mainly coming from warfare tactics, with sewage, garbage, and industry run off also affecting it. The Romans and Early Europe were the main contributors to this.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

Humans got most of their energy through eating animals and some vegetation. Some religions did push for an all vegetarian diet, but most humans got their energy through eating animals.

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

Conservation was being practiced by many ancient civilizations through religion, and decrees of vegetarianism, and decreased deforestation. The laws forbidding deforestation did not work effectively however. The ancient civilizations mainly focused on eliminating animal sacrifice and advocating for animal welfare.

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

Lead poisoning was a major issue because they did not understand the dangers of lead yet. The Romans used a lead sweetener for wine, as well as lead utensils and lead dishes to eat off of. Lead was also used as a kind of paint/ makeup, causing people to rub lead into the skin.

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1.  How much water pollution was there?

Water pollution was caused by waste and industrial things, leading to the water contamination.

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

Extensive wood harvesting led to deforestation, causing soil erosion, climate change, and loss of biodiversity.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

Diseases like the Black Death had a major effect on the world, like reducing the population but allowing us to advance in health and medical knowledge.

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1.  What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?

The age of reason where science, logic and progress helped influence people. People now started to believe more in reason and science rather than religion and faith. A lot of people then began to help others instead of doing stuff to gain for themselves. They also began to argue that the rich should help the poor .

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict?

Thomas Malthus predicted that food and resources will begin to deplete due to the explosion in the population

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

New pollution once got so bad in the city that it was hard to see across the street. Breathing in the toxic air could affect one’s lungs and how they breathe.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important?

Sanitation like clean water, sewage systems, and garbage disposals became more important due to health measures and diseases that popped up during this time. These diseases also led to the creation of a branch in the police department to enforce environmental sanitation.

5. How was the air pollution at this time?

Air pollution at this time was extremely bad. People living in London could barely see across the street due to the heavy smoke that covered the air. The coal smoke also affects people's health and comfort. It affected the peace and harmony of cities.

6. How was the water pollution at this time?

Water pollution during this time was also really bad. Water at this time was frequently contaminated. Waste dumping on docks was also common.

7. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?

After the tree was sawed completely through, it still stood upright until a strong wing pushed it down. The sounds of the tree falling carried 15 miles and was buried 12 feet below the ground due to the impact. The impact of the tree also splashed mud 100 feet high onto other tree branches in the forest.

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1.  What types of reforms were occurring?

Reforms of working conditions, slum housing, food adulteration, sanitation, drinking water, polluting industries, hunting laws, and mining practices. There is also a women’s movement going on.

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

Theodore Roosevelt fought to preserve the life of animals by regulating hunting, and creating policies to conserve wildlife.

3. What new organizations were formed?

The National Audubon Society was founded by George Bird Grinell to help promote wildlife conservation. In 1901, the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society was founded in New York. The General Federation of Women’s Clubs was also founded, gaining a following of over a million women helping in reform efforts.

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1. What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

It was founded  by state and municipal government officials at Atlantic City to stop oil dumping.

2. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

Thomas Midgley first demonstrated an automobile using a 30% alcohol gasoline blend, then he discovered lead based gasoline.

3. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

It was a movement fighting promoting the use of renewable agricultural resources, instead of fossil fuels.

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1. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

In Donora, Pennsylvania there was an air pollution disaster which caused 22 people to die and over 600 people to be hospitalized. Thousands more were sick as the smoke from zinc and steel was trapped in a four day inversion.

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1. What was the “burning river?”

The “burning river” was the Cuyahoga river when it burst into flames because of the chemical and oil pollution. The fire burned 5 stories tall, roughly 55 to 75 feet. This fire pushed many into advocating for environmental movements.

2. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

The name of Rachel Carason’s book that started the modern environmentalist movement is Silent Spring. This book is renowned for how to merge public health and conservation movements as well as bring light to the relationship between people and nature.

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1.  What major disasters occurred during this time?

700 families in the Love Canal area of Niagara Falls, New York, had been exposed to toxic wastes.

2. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

a) There was leaded gasoline which was the biggest source of atmospheric lead pollution.

b) There was a hole in the ozone layer discovered in Antarctica.

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1.  How did the Gulf War create pollution?

During the Gulf War, six and a half million gallons of oil burned daily during the oil fire disaster.

2. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

Three Gorges Dam, which led to severe environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, increased risk of landslides, and the displacement of over a million people.

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1.  What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

Desert Conservation Act in December 2000. This law aimed to protect over 7 million acres of California desert.

2. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

President George W. Bush's administration handled global warming and climate change by favoring voluntary measures and technological innovation.

3. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

The world reacted to the issue of leaded gasoline by continuing efforts to phase it out due to its harmful effects on health and the environment.