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I focused on clinical experts, specifically on Domain 1.1. Munnings et al. (2019) emphasise responding sensitively to individual diversity and social determinants of health.

Initially, I recognised that I sometimes make assumptions about individuals, which concerned me. This reflection made me realise the importance of avoiding assumptions in patient care. By thoroughly analysing Domain 1.1, I gained a deeper understanding of its significance. I learnt I must adapt my care approach to meet each patient's needs.

Moving forward, I will ensure that I provide care without assumptions, tailoring it to each individual’s preferences.

Munnings, K., Laidler, L., Ramsay Health Care Australia, O’Donovan, K., Patetsos, M., Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia, Phillips, C., Philp, A., Australian Government Department of Health, Schreiber, J., Sdrinis, S., Ward, K., Wright, M., Australian College of Nursing, Abbasova, G., & Sarafian, C. (2019). Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. In L. Martinez & O. Dandash (Eds.), Competency standards framework for clinicians. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Social Determinants Sudan vs Australia  pt.1

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Social Determinants Sudan vs Australia  pt.1

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According to Kaphle et al. (2024), numerous refugees have faced traumatic experiences, such as witnessing the death of family members, enduring abuse like rape, or being forcibly separated from loved ones.

The trauma of conflict, coupled with limited access to mental health services, leads to high rates of PTSD, anxiety, and depression among refugees.

After resettlement, the absence of culturally sensitive mental health services in Australia can worsen conditions for refugees. Identity and cultural adjustment are important for refugees arriving in Australia. Social inclusion is crucial for refugees to access healthcare, education, and community participation for a healthy life in a new country.

South Sudanese youth may experience identity conflicts, stress, and alienation while adapting to a new society, worsened by negative media portrayal and discrimination.

Racial discrimination and social disadvantages can lead to behavioural disorders, mental health concerns, and challenges in school and the workplace. According to Szaflarski and Bauldry (2019), racial discrimination has a detrimental effect on health and contributes to existing disparities.

Promoting social inclusion and combating discrimination is crucial for improving the health of Sudanese refugees in Australia and ensuring equitable healthcare access is vital for enhancing their well-being.

Szaflarski, M., & Bauldry, S. (2019). The effects of perceived discrimination on immigrant and refugee physical and mental health. Advances in Medical Sociology, 173–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/s1057-629020190000019009

Kaphle, S., Fanany, R., Kelly, J., Rawal, L., & Paudel, G. (2024). Living at the fence – navigating complexities while settling in a new country: lived experiences of South Sudanese refugees in Australia. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 45(4), 689–705. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2024.2307947

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Smith, W. (2011, July 9). Flag of South Sudan | Design, Colors, Meaning. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-South-Sudan

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Gabriel Yak, South Sudanese Community pt.2

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Gabriel Yak, South Sudanese Community pt.2

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The obstacles faced by refugees in Australia are outlined by (Yak, 2018). This provides further details and teaches us how to be a more inviting nation.

Yak, G. (2018). Educational barriers facing South Sudanese Refugees in Australia Refugees Community Advocacy Network Victoria Conference Presenter name: Gabriel Yak, South Sudanese Community. [online] Available at: https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Gabriel-Yak-RCAN.pdf.

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Smith, W. (2001, February 16). Flag of the Sudan | History, Colors & Symbols. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sudan-flag-of-The

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This is a truly extraordinary accomplishment!

South Sudan was the only African team to compete in the Olympics, according to Anderson (2024). Nearly all of the South Sudan team are either refugees themselves or the children of refugees.

Luol Deng's family escaped the country during his childhood to avoid civil war. Early in his NBA career, Luol founded the Luol Deng Foundation to support South Sudanese refugees around the globe. A new generation of athletes is looking up to Luol Deng because of his exceptional talent, social responsibility, and sincere commitment to numerous humanitarian and charitable causes (Luol Deng Foundation, 2014).

It demonstrates that it's about something deeper than just basketball.

Anderson, S. (2024, August 6). From Refugees to Olympic Contenders: South Sudan’s Basketball Journey. MATTER. https://www.matter.ngo/south-sudans-basketball-team/Luol

Deng Foundation | Sport, Education, Equality, Wellness. (2014). https://www.luoldeng.org/

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From Refugees to Olympic Contenders: South Sudan’s Basketball Journey | MATTER

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We here at MATTER could not be more excited for our MATTER Pro partner, former NBA All-Star, Luol Deng, and the South Sudanese men’s national basketball The amazing victory by South Sudan’s basketball team earned them a spot in the 2024 Olympics.

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Xinhua. (2021). People perform Eid Al-Fitr prayer in Khartoum, capital of Sudan, on May 13, 2021. Global Times.https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202105/1223390.shtml

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Awad (2024), "This year Sudanese people have lost the special atmosphere that always accompanies the major Islamic festival". Due to the war, many families have been split up and forced to relocate to a safer area.

Idris et al. (2022) the celebration of Eid-al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, a month when Muslims observe fasting and worship. Eid-al-Fitr, also known as the “Festival of Breaking the Fast”, is a significant religious holiday celebrated by all Muslims. Muslims get together for a dawn prayer on Eid al-Fitr, get new clothes, and celebrate for three days. Visiting loved ones, exchanging gifts, feasting, dressing up, and paying tribute to departed ancestors are all part of the Eid al-Fitr celebrations.

Awad, A. (2024). Displaced Sudanese mark Eid Al Fitr amid hardship of war. The New Arab. https://www.newarab.com/features/displaced-sudanese-mark-eid-al-fitr-amid-hardship-war

Idris, J., Rowley, C., & Yaqub, M. J. (2022). Religious events. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 117–129). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003051190-11

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According to Phillips and Francis (2015), mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium genus, which causes malaria. There is a high risk in Sudan and South Sudan. Studies in Australia found malaria diagnosed in 4-10% of Sub-Saharan African refugees. Therefore, public health officials must identify and treat malaria in individuals travelling to Australia from regions where malaria is prevalent. Symptoms of malaria may include headaches, nausea, chills, sweating, diarrhoea, and malaise. According to Mayo Clinic (2023), combining two or more medications with different mechanisms of action against the malaria parasite is artemisinin-based combination therapy. The recommended treatment for chloroquine-resistant malaria includes Artemether-Lumefantrine and Artesunate-Mefloquine.

Mayo clinic (2023). Malaria - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. [online] Mayoclinic.org. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351190.

Phillips, C. and Francis, J. (2015). Malaria» Australian Refugee Health. [online] Refugeehealthguide.org.au. Available at: https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/.

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Australian Refugee Health " Primary Care for People of Refugee Backgrounds

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The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide can be used by doctors, nurses and other primary care providers to inform on-arrival and ongoing health care for people from refugee backgrounds, including people seeking asylum.

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Eltigani and Habiballa (2018) created this recipe:

Ingredients

6 to 8 tablespoons unsalted peanut butter

100 mls lukewarm water

1 lime (juiced)

3 to 4 tablespoons sesame oil

1 tablespoon malt vinegar salt and pepper (to taste)

1 green pepper (diced)

1 red onion (finely chopped)

2 tomatoes (diced)

2–3 coriander leaves

Directions

Mix peanut butter with lukewarm water to make a paste.

Add lime juice, sesame oil, sriracha sauce, salt, and pepper.

Gently fold in chopped vegetables.

Adjust seasonings to taste.

Garnish with sesame oil and coriander leaves, and serve with warm flatbread.

TIPS

Add water or peanut butter to balance the lime's tanginess.

This salad complements fried and oven-cooked dishes.

Eltigani, O. and Habiballa, L. (2018). And in Sudan, A Famished Food Culture. [online] The Third Rail. Available at: http://thirdrailquarterly.org/and-in-sudan-a-famished-food-culture/#:~:text=Sudanese%20cuisine%20consists%20of%20a.

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According to Abdelmagid (2022), Sudanese people use karkadé with ginger to treat the common flu. For a very long time, karkadé was used medicinally. Teas and liquid extracts made from flowers and leaves can be used to treat several ailments, including cancer, high blood pressure, bacterial infections, fever, upset stomach, and weight loss.

Abdelmagid, A. (2022). An Inside Look at Traditional Medicine in Sudan. [online] 500 Words Magazine. Available at: https://500wordsmag.com/science-and-technology/health/an-inside-look-at-traditional-medicine-in-sudan/.