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Question 3) How far do you agree that political factors are the most important reasons that account for the variations in food consumption? EYA, using EXAMPLES. 

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Question 3) How far do you agree that political factors are the most important reasons that account for the variations in food consumption? EYA, using EXAMPLES. 

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I disagree that political factors is the most important reason that account for the variations in food consumption as there are other factors such as economic and socio-cultural factors.

Political factors (e.g. governments) are able to influence the stability of food supply and food safety. Food stability: The accessibility and availability of food. Government can increase food imports and food production .Can be increased by improving technology to increase crop yield. Increase agricultural land for agriculture. DCs can increase food imports more easily than LDCs .LDCs have capacity to increase agricultural land. LDCs lack the access to technology thus lower ability to increase food supplies. DCs have greater access to technology for food production. Can be affected by civil wars and natural disasters. During the civil wars in Libya, April 2011, the United Nations World Food Programme (UNWFP) reported that food stocks in the country were rapidly being depleted and were not being replenished. Cities and areas with heavy fighting reported food and water shortages., while safety concerns restricted people from venturing out to find/buy food.

Economic factors affect food consumption.  Rising income = higher disposable income. Disposable income = amount of income left to an individual after taxes have been paid. People living in DCs = higher disposable income. Disposable income increasing in both DCs and LDCs → higher consumptions of certain food groups. Increased income has different effects on food consumption patterns. For every USD1 increase in income in DCs, only 20% is spent on food. For every USD1 increase in income in LDCs, up to 60% of increased income is spent on food.  Increased income → larger variety of food. More meat, less cereals ○ When South Korea experienced rapid economic growth from 1970-1980, rice consumption per capita decreased by 6%, meat consumption tripled, consumption of marine products increased by 2½ times. From 1959-1991, meat consumption in Taiwan increased by 4 times, fish consumption increased by 2 times, and rice consumption decreased by half. When disposable income increases in DCs, quality of diets increase .Afford more food with certain health benefits and are generally more expensive.

Socio-cultural factors may also cause food consumption patterns. Concerns regarding health, moral principles, income and the environment influence people’s food preferences.  Fast food: food that can be prepared easily and quickly, may be eaten as a quick meal or packaged for take-away. People opt to eat fast food due to convenience and affordability. Fast food chains can be set up in many LDCs. People are trying too much fast food. Harmful effects on human health. Large amounts of oil, processed meat, chemicals used to prepare the food. Organic food: food grown without the use of artificial inputs. Organic food is perceived to have health benefits. Avoidance of pesticides during food production. More organic fruits and vegetables are being grown in DCs. Survey in the USA revealed that 58% of the population would prefer to eat organic good to non-organic food.

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2.  Planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism. How far do you agree with this statement ? EYA with answers 

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2.  Planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism. How far do you agree with this statement ? EYA with answers 

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I disagree that planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism as there are other groups who are also responsible for managing the impacts of tourism such as Local Communities & Visitors, etc.

Planning authorities greatly influence the future quality of environments.  Determines how many visitors a site can cope with. Allocating space for infrastructures such as roads and hotels.  Planning authority is most important in ensuring that tourist areas are protected.  Consider local sensitivities.  Maintaining physical and socio-cultural conditions. Enforce rules, regulations, values, and principles for sustainable tourism.  Singapore Tourism Board (STB) ensures that while attracting a large number of tourists to Singapore, development plans take into account the need to conserve national heritage. STB has implemented programs to conserve the ethnic districts of Singapore.  One strength is that they can develop and maintain infrastructure and attractions.  Planning authorities develop, approve, fund, maintain infrastructure that manage the impact of tourism in an area. One weakness is that it is difficult to plan for unforeseen factors.  Programmes may fail due to unforeseen factors. Extreme weather conditions.

Local Communities play key role in conserving and protecting tourist areas. Community-based tourism: Tourism with close contact with local communities. Done in partnership with government/non-governmental organisations In Candirejo Village, near Borobudur in Central Java, Indonesia, it set up a cooperative in 2003 to manage and implement the community’s tourism-related programmes. This included homestay accommodations, developing organic farms, organising local transport. One strength is that there the involvement of locals in decision-making. This can enlist residents in discussion and consultation. Tourism management strategies to be carried out. Make other tourism-related decisions about own community. One weakness is that they difficulty in obtaining external funding.  Communities may face funding problems when setting up businesses/investing in vehicles to facilitate tourism in their area.

Visitors have responsibility to respect both the environment and the local population of the place of visit. Visit without causing damage/offence In a report in 2007, the Tourism Sustainability Group, set up by the European Commission in 2004, encouraged tourists to select their holiday destinations based on the conservation efforts of the place. One strength is that they provide locals with income from employment and businesses. Arrival of tourists give locals opportunities to set up businesses (tour companies or shops). One weakness is that there will be the dilution local culture and customs.

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1.  The economic impacts of tourism outweigh any problems that tourism brings to the people and environment. How far do you agree with this statement? EYA with answers. 

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1.  The economic impacts of tourism outweigh any problems that tourism brings to the people and environment. How far do you agree with this statement? EYA with answers. 

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I disagree with the statement. The economic impacts can be good but the problems that bring to the people is a very big issue. One example of economic impact is there is an increase in employment opportunities. On the other end, there are disadvantages to the people and to the environment such as the dilution of local customs and heritage & destruction of habitats.

Employment is the work performed for a wage or salary, in cash or in kind. Employment in the tourism industry forms part of the service sector of an economy. The growth of tourism has led to an increase in tourism-related jobs (e.g. workers in transportation, souvenir shops, tour agencies). Some jobs that are directly linked to the tourism industry include travel agents, tour guides, hotel staff, waiters, and waitresses.

Dilution of local customs and heritage. The identity, culture, and values of a place can be lost when tourism becomes the major activity of an area.  Commercial activities cater mainly to tourists.  Older buildings were converted to host tourist activities.  Activities may force the locals to relocate original activities to other places. Original atmosphere, appearance, and functions of the area change.  To meet the demands of expectations of tourists. Local cultural festivals and religious rituals are modified. Authenticity and significance may be reduced.  In Thailand, tourists have to pay a hefty fee to enter the village of the Kayan Lahwi women. Due to the entrance fee, some tourists treat the women as exhibits that they have paid for. These tourists sometimes aggressively take photographs of the women without permission.

When too many tourists visit a destination, they may destroy habitats and wildlife.  Trample on plants.  Collect eggs and feathers of birds as souvenirs.  Egypt’s Red Sea coast has developed into a major diving and snorkeling destination for around 1.2 million visitors annually. The habitats of coral reefs and exotic fish have been.  damaged by swimmers collecting shells/corals, and hotels restaurants in the area dumping waste and sewage into the sea.

In conclusion, I think that managing the disadvantages is more important.  Thus I disagree with the statement that "The economic impacts of tourism outweigh any problems that tourism brings to the people and environment."

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1.  The economic impacts of tourism outweigh any problems that tourism brings to the people and environment. How far do you agree with this statement? EYA with answers.

2. Planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism. How far do you agree with this statement ? EYA with answers

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Question 3) How far do you agree that political factors are the most important reasons that account for the variations in food consumption? EYA, using EXAMPLES.

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I agree to an extent that planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism.

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I agree to an extent that the economic impacts of tourism outweigh any problems tourism bring to the people and the environment.

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2.  Planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism. How far do you agree with this statement ? EYA with answers 

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2.  Planning authorities play the most important role in ensuring sustainable tourism. How far do you agree with this statement ? EYA with answers 

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I disagree with the statement.

The role of the planning authority is to determine how many visitors a site can cope with and allocate space for infrastructure, examples include hotels and roads. The planning authorities must consider the locals sensitivities in the area while maintaining its physical and socio-cultural with the industry and community. They control the rate and scale of development to ensure tourists continue to return as repeated customers. An example includes Bunaken National Marine Park, a scuba diving spot in North Sulawesi , Indonesia used to conserve coral and marine life. Entrance fee is collected and 30% of it is used to develop the local community.

However, planning authorities may have difficulties enforcing laws and regulations due to insufficient funds opt employ park rangers to patrol protected reserves, they may also have difficulties in balancing between environmental protection and the other aspects for tourism.

Tourist can play a part to sustain tourism by paying attention to the local customs and to observe the rules and regulations from that area. For example, trekkers are aware of the effects of deforestation in Annapurna regions of Nepal and hose ro use less wood for hot water baths that would further deplete the wood source.

However, tourist are unaware of the local parties or do not adhere to the laws. Tourist are not mindful, leave behind rubbish along the Machu Picchu trail or destroy wildlife.

Even though, the planning authorities play a big role in sustain tourism, there are other roles played by the government, the locals and the tourist that are equally important, for example, planning authorities can control the number of people at a certain attraction site but the actions of tourist cannot be controlled by the planning authorities. Hence, I believe that everyone has an equally important roles in sustaining tourism.

"A geography answer for a geography question."~ anonymous

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Positive impacts of tourism( culture):
1. Preservation of local customs and heritage
- Tourism may promote cultural events and festivals, which may otherwise gradually disappear due to a lack in local interest
- Preservation of culture is the protection of the way people live, including their economical activities , traditional beliefs and religious practices.
-E.g the income earned from staged cultural performances in Balinese hotels has ensured the survival of some traditional dance troupes.

Negative impacts of tourism (culture):
1. Dilution of local identity and values
- Tourism can cause change or loss of local identity and values when the demands for crafts, entertainment, or other commodities start to exert influence on the local people
E.g. Rituals are shortened to fit into the itinerary of tourist

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Governments play an important role in sustaining tourism. They do this by imposing fines on the public to prevent them from littering and vandalising the places of interest, therefore keeping the places clean. For example, bhutan government

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Planning authorities play an important role to sustain tourism. Governments can impose laws to ensure their country, environment and the way of life of the people are protected. For instance, Bhutan government ........

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R2 Roles of government in managing tourism 

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R2 Roles of government in managing tourism 

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Going Against The Tourism Crush: Here’s Why Bhutan Charges Tourists US$250 A Day

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Attractions around the world are being destroyed by tourism, so much so that countries are starting to imposing taxes and restrictions - a move Bhutan pioneered years ago.

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Machu Picchu rubbish crisis threatens UNESCO heritage site

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The Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism || Should I Travel or not?

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105 - What is Community Based Tourism? Visiting the Bribri community in Costa Rica!