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More than 4.8 million students in the U.S are English Language Learners!

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More than 4.8 million students in the U.S are English Language Learners!

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Teaching Strategy #1: Build Relationships!

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Teaching Strategy #1: Build Relationships!

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As the teacher, you should go out of your way to build strong relationships with students who are English language learners to ensure that they feel appreciated, known, and comfortable during the learning process! Part of building relationships is learning about the student's culture, being intentional with planning, and being consistent.

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While students are learning the English language, it is important to speak slowly and increase your wait time while you wait for their response. Being patient gives the student a chance to show what they know without feeling rushed. It is also important to note that waiting for a response is a way to challenge the student to answer questions independently instead of being helped if they don't know what to say right away.

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When planning lessons, find ways to differentiate the material. Students can learn by reading, writing, listening, speaking, drawing, moving around, and more. Presenting material in different ways allows for students to deepen their understanding of the material. This is especially helpful for ELL students. They can benefit from these differentiated learning methods to create different pathways and connections while learning English.

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Over 10 percent of students in the United States-more than 4.8 million kids-are English language learners (ELLs), and the number is on the rise. Though these students do not learn differently than their native-English-speaking peers, they do have particular educational needs.

To learn about these needs-and best practices for addressing them-I interviewed a range of educators and observers, including Larry Ferlazzo, an educator and author of The ESL/ELL Teacher's Survival Guide; longtime teachers of English as a second language (ESL) Emily Francis and Tan Huynh; and the journalist Helen Thorpe, who spent a year observing a teacher who works with ELLs.

The group emphasized that the strategies listed here, which include both big-picture mindsets and nitty-gritty teaching tactics, can be incorporated into all classrooms, benefiting both native English speakers and ELLs.

1. Cultivate Relationships and Be Culturally Responsive

No surprise here. A successful classroom, our educators agreed, is one in which students feel known, appreciated, and comfortable taking emotional and intellectual risks. That requires intentional planning and consistent messaging by the teacher.

Emily Francis, an ESL teacher in Concord, North Carolina, makes clear that she wants her students to "embrace their culture and their language as a foundation of who they are" and to consider their acquisition of a new culture and language "not as subtractive, but as additive." To help support students who may never have attended school before or may be coping with migration-based trauma, Francis emphasizes that little things make a big difference. "The first thing that I need to think about is, how is my student feeling in my classroom?" she says. "Are they sitting next to a buddy they can ask a question in their home language? Do they feel comfortable tapping me on the shoulder if they have to go to the bathroom?"

But creating a supportive environment is also about cultivating an appreciation of diversity-it's critical that both the curriculum and the classroom environment honor and reflect the lives of the students. For instance, Francis makes certain that her classroom library is reflective of her students' diverse backgrounds and identities.

ESL teacher Katie Toppel, who teaches near Portland, Oregon, champions the value of home visits to get to know students' families and takes care to incorporate the particulars of students' lives, such as pets' names and favorite sports, into lessons. Students are most engaged when they feel a personal connection to a lesson or unit, a connection that's created in part by a teacher's investment in culturally competent relationships.

2. Teach Language Skills Across the Curriculum

English language learners should not be learning the fundamentals of English in isolation; they should be applying their developing language skills to rich academic content in all subjects.

"It is key that in mainstream classrooms, teachers understand their role as language teachers," says Valentina Gonzalez, a district leader in Katy, Texas, suggesting that all teachers should be aware of the specialized idiom they work within. "If we teach math, then we teach the language of mathematics. If we teach science, then we teach the language of science." Math teachers, in other words, should take the time to teach the unfamiliar vocabulary of mathematics- add, subtract, calculator, solve -concurrently with the teaching of math skills.

3. Emphasize Productive Language

The educators I interviewed agreed that productive language skills-hard-to-master dimensions of language fluency like speaking and writing-should be front and center from day one, even if students feel hesitant about them.

Beginning ELLs often develop receptive language skills like listening and reading first. Educators who are unaware of the typical path to fluency may believe that students who can follow verbal or written directions will be able to produce oral or written language, but that's usually not the case.

To support reluctant speakers, Tan Huynh, an educator who blogs at Empowering ELLs, suggests using sentence frames. "For example, when a science teacher wants ELLs to produce a hypothesis, they might offer the sentence, 'If _____ was added, then _____ because _____.' This sentence frame provides clues that empower ELLs to sound and think like scientists," Huynh says.

Andrea Honigsfeld, a professor of education at Molloy College in Rockville, New York, suggests that all lessons touch on every letter of the acronym SWIRL, which stands for Speak, Write, Interact, Read, Listen. The approach intentionally privileges productive language skills "from the beginning," she says.

4. Speak Slowly-and Increase Your Wait Time

Easier said than done. Still, many of the teachers I spoke to said this simple change is vital. You can record yourself speaking in class to measure your cadence, and adjust.

"Adding in an extra three to five seconds after we pose a question offers all students time to think," explains Gonzalez. "However, for English learners, it also gives time to translate, process their thinking, translate back into English, and develop the courage to answer. If we call on students too quickly, many of our students will stop thinking about the answers-or trying to answer at all."

That means undoing some of our own habits, according to Larry Ferlazzo, a high school ESL teacher in Sacramento, California. "Researchers have found that typically most teachers give one to two seconds between asking a question and expecting a student response," he says. "The same researchers have shown that if you wait three to five seconds, the quality of responses is astronomically greater."

5. Differentiate-and Use Multiple Modalities

All kids learn better when they engage with material in multiple ways: Lessons that involve writing, speaking, drawing, and listening, for example, give students four opportunities to deepen their understanding of the work. For ELLs, those additional engagements also provide a little breathing room so they can work through the language barrier.

Helen Thorpe, a journalist who spent a year observing Eddie Williams's classroom in Denver in order to write a book about immigrants called The Newcomers, marveled at Williams's method of differentiation. "Eddie would enunciate very clearly in English multiple times, he would write it on the board, and he would go to the projector to give a visual. And, finally, he'd be asking the kids to verbalize aspects of the lesson themselves," she says, tracing Williams's efforts to move his students from receptive to productive language fluency.

Toppel uses a strategy called QSSSA to scaffold classroom discussions with ELLs. The letters stand for Question (the teacher poses a question, then gives ample think time); Signal (a designated motion like a thumbs-up, a finger on the nose-something that lets students indicate that they're ready to answer); Stem (the teacher provides a sentence starter for the question-for example, for "What is your favorite place to read a book?" the stem might be, "My favorite place to read a book is _____"); Share; and Assess.

6. Incorporate Students' Native Languages-and Don't Be Afraid of Technology

Bilingualism is the goal, of course, not replacement.

Ferlazzo uses a strategy called "preview, view, review," which leverages a student's native language skills as a foundation for learning the new language. He introduces a topic and encourages students to preview it in materials in their home language (often using multilingual videos and other online resources); he then teaches the topic in English, and then has students review the information in their home language.

Ferlazzo also encourages teachers to embrace technologies that students find helpful, like Google Translate. He stresses that the app can be a useful way for students to translate words quickly-but warns that it can quickly "become a dependency" if it's used as more than a handy dictionary.

Thorpe agrees that Translate can take pressure off teachers, who sometimes find that they "just stand at the front of the room and say things over and over. And if the kids didn't know what those words are, they're out of luck." Translation technology means you can say it once (or twice) and let the students use the technology to translate key words and phrases.

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6 Essential Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners

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We interviewed educators with decades of experience in teaching ELLs and tapped a network of experts and observers to find the strategies that work.

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Here are just a few ways in teachers can engage ELL families:
1. Connect with families and learn their culture
2. Ensure the families have effective communication with the school so they can receive important information
3. Mold your approach to fit the family's culture
4. Get parents involved in school activities or volunteer opportunities
5. Put together a plan to encourage parental engagement

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Engaging with the parents of ELL students, also known as English Language Learners, is vital to helping these pupils succeed.

Parental involvement is the backbone of a child's education, and this is especially true of ELL students who are challenged by language barriers. These five suggestions should smooth the process:

1. Connect with ELL students' families

One important key to success with ELL programs is actively connecting with families. Waiting around for them to connect with your program will not work. Put in the time to learn about parents' cultural traditions and educational characteristics. Work on developing a personal, one-on-one approach with each family.

You'll need creativity and ingenuity to strengthen the relationship between the school and home environments of ELL students. Work on building a partnership based on mutual respect that empowers parents to contribute their talents and experience to their children's education.

If you become involved in ELL students' neighborhood activities, you may meet unexpected contacts like community leaders who can then put you in touch with more parents of ELL students.

2. Ensure the effective communication of important school information

Make certain that ELL families receive all of the school's scheduling and other important information in their native language-not just in English-to ensure they "get the message."

Some people mistakenly believe that using the family's native language does them a disservice because they really need to learn English. But studies confirm that strong native-language skills actually contribute to the academic success of an ELL student.

When parents understand the school's information, they can more effectively support their children's understanding of it.

3. Tailor your approach to the family's cultural traditions

Use what you learned when you established contact with the family to embrace their cultural norms. For instance, people of Hispanic heritage might have a slightly different interpretation of the role of school.

For example, at teacher conferences, Hispanic parents might seem more interested in their child's behavior than in his or her grades. Don't worry, they are not being insensitive to the child's needs; they are simply expressing their social customs- that education is more about teaching moral and behavioral controls than it is about achieving academic milestone requirements.

The key is seeing that this is a two-way street where both viewpoints are valid. Do whatever it takes to empower them to participate in their child's education.

4. Get parents involved in school activities

For starters, all parents can monitor the completion of their children's homework. But they can also be encouraged to visit the classroom and perhaps even to speak to the class.

They also can volunteer in the lunchroom, the office, the library or wherever there is a need. Involving a child's parents in the school's activities is the clearest message of all that parents are expected to have a large role in their children's education.

5. Formulate a plan to encourage parental engagement

Think about alternative scheduling. Sometimes families of ELL students (and the students for that matter) are subject to scheduling limitations that are not immediately apparent or common to other populations. Students may be working jobs for several hours after class. Parents may be working multiple jobs. Guidelines to keep in mind:

Meet the people. Learn their heritage, their problems, and their strengths.

Schedule conferences and meetings according to the family's available time.

Solicit the ideas of the ELL community.

While you are at it, don't forget to ask the students what their parents need most to become more involved.

Research your community for translation possibilities and input from community leaders.

Formulate your plan around identified strengths as well as needs.

Education is everyone's business, not just that of educators. Encouraging the contributions of ELL families is one more way to help schools work for the betterment of the entire community.
Want to learn more ways to have a successful ELL program? Our ESOL MEd degree concentration gives you the knowledge and best practices to develop helpful instructional strategies for ELL students.

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Five Ways to Engage Parents of ELL Students | Resilient Educator

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Engaging with the parents of ELL students, also known as English Language Learners, is vital to helping these pupils succeed. Parental involvement is the backbone of a child's education, and this is especially true of ELL students who are challenged by language barriers.

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ESL (English Second Language) programs offer students the opportunity to learn English or receive extra practice on their English language skills. The most common programs include Intensive English Programs (IEP) and American Language and Culture Programs (ALCP).

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English as a Second Language (ESL) programs offer international students the chance to learn English or improve their English language skills.

What are ESL Programs?
Hundreds of U.S. educational institutions have courses that range from academic English for university-bound students to language and culture courses for travelers.

You may also hear English language programs in the United States called "ESOL Programs," or English for Speakers of Other Languages.

The most common types of ESL program offered in the United States are Intensive English Programs (IEP) or American Language and Culture Programs (ALCP). Since there are so many ESL programs available in the United States, do some research and make sure the program you are considering is accredited. See "Research and Narrow Your Options" page for more details.
Intensive English Programs (IEPs)

Can be taken for personal or professional reasons and not for academic credit.

May also be taken to prepare for U.S. college or university admission, and some IEPs offer "bridge programs" that help students transfer into an academic program.

May include classes designed for any level of English proficiency.

Usually require 20-30 hours per week of intensive English language study.

Are offered at U.S. colleges and universities and at independent English language institutions.

American Language and Culture Programs (ALCPs)

Are usually taken for academic credit to prepare for, or as part of, a U.S. college or university degree program.

Often require an intermediate or advanced level of English language proficiency before enrollment.

May be taken to improve a specific academic skill, such as reading, writing, or grammar.

Will assist with adjustment to U.S. culture and campus life.

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English as a Second Language (ESL) programs offer international students the chance to learn English or improve their English language skills. What are ESL Programs? Hundreds of U.S. educational institutions have courses that range from academic English for university-bound students to language and culture courses for travelers.

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American Language and Culture Programs (ALCP)

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American Language and Culture Programs (ALCP)

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- Will assist with adjusting to U.S culture and campus life
- Usually taken for academic credit in preparation for college or university
- Often require intermediate or advanced level of English proficiency before enrolling
- May be taken to improve one specific skills like reading, writing, or grammar

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- Typically requires 20-30 hours of intensive English language study per week.
- Can be for personal or academic use.
- Can be used to transfer into academic programs or to prepare for college or university.
- Offered at independent English language colleges and universities.