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Background Information：Motivation for choosing the text

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Background Information：Motivation for choosing the text

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This is an excerpt from the documentary Emily in Paris, created by Darren Star, Netflix (2020). These scenes are from Season 1, Episode 7, which focuses on how people from different countries approach certain things differently and the cultural clashes and conflicts they have. Emily, as a young American marketing professional, has a disagreement about her job as a marketing campaigner in France, and there are differences in social etiquette between Emily's social habits and those in the United States. One study analyzes how cultural differences between American and French customs are central to the series, noting how Emily's American directness contrasts with the more subtle, hierarchical French work culture. Elements like intonation, dress, and work expectations reveal these differences, as Emily navigates social and professional challenges in her new Parisian life​. (Representation of Intercultural Communication in Series “Emily in Paris – Season 1,” 2023)

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We focus our analysis using two concepts: identity and stereotype in order to illustrate how Emily's problems in socialization and work can be analyzed from a cross-cultural communication perspective.

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The chosen text:the scences of Emily in Paris from episode7

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The chosen text:the scences of Emily in Paris from episode7

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Analyzing text from the Perspective of Stereotype

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Analyzing text from the Perspective of Stereotype

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Stereotype refers to commonly held, culturally accepted beliefs describing the personal traits and characteristics of groups of individuals (Gut et al., 2017). It plays an influential role in forming individuals’ perceptions of others and themselves. (Yoon & Hollingshead, 2010). In Emily in Paris, stereotypes are an external manifestation of personal identity conflict and a challenge that Emily needs to overcome to work in France.

Emily’s personality of directness and passion fits the French stereotype of Americans—confident and passionate about self-presentation and marketing. These stereotypes often lead French colleagues to assume that Emily’s behaviour is “too American” and rude, ignoring Emily’s personality and professional background. These kinds of stereotypes directly affect Emily’s professional identity. In the French workplace, her work style and professional performance, summarized as American style, influence how colleagues evaluate her and affect her self-perception.

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Analyzing text from the Perspective of Identity：①Social Identity

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Analyzing text from the Perspective of Identity：①Social Identity

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Social Identity:An individual's self-concept is not only based on personal characteristics but also on their membership in social groups. People define themselves through their group memberships, and this group identity influences their behaviour and attitudes（Tajfel & Turner，1979）.

In episode 7, when Emily asked the hotel staff about the whereabouts of the actress, the hotel staff refused to answer her, and Emily walked away in a state of despair. Later, Emily's boss Sylvie also asked the waiter, unlike Emily, Sylvie asked the staff in a way that made him feel threatened by his job. Finally, he told them where Emily was. At this time, Emily's expression was completely different from the first time when she was rejected, her look and speech were more confident. Emily enhanced her self-identity by being with her boss, which reflects that individuals enhance their self-identity by belonging to certain groups and that social identity can affect individual behaviours and attitudes. Language styles are also in contact and influence each other in a dynamic pro-

cess. These styles form part of the linguistic knowledge of the employees(Kirilova & Angouri, 2018).

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Looking-Glass Self:(Cooley, 1902/1902, pp. 179–185)illustrated that: “The looking-glass self is the process of self-development in which the individual’s self-concept is derived from the perception of others’ evaluations and appraisals of him or her.”

In episode 7, when the actress called Emily "bucket hat", Emily mocked herself at first and accepted the name. Later, when Emily found the lost watch from the actress, the actress called Emily "bucket hat" again. Emily finally lost her temper and told her not to call it that, which saved her self-esteem. When she felt the evaluation of the actress, her self-perception and self-confidence changed. This kind of emotional feedback urged her to constantly reflect and adjust her behaviour, thus affecting her cognition of self-identity. While her behaviour and attitude were the response to other people's reactions, when Emily finally resisted the actress, it showed her identity change.

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There are many things about Emily's life and work in France that have created disruptive cognitive changes for her. According to (Wyse et al. 2012)，location and identity are as co-constitutive as place and time. The education and growing up she experienced in the United States made her initially unable to accept the French culture. For example, in Episode 7, the working gala in France is different from that in the United States. After she saw the two different personalities forming when the actress from the United States went to the working gala in France, an expression of wonderment was expressed and she wondered about the transformation of the cultural identity of the American actress. Furthermore, her outspoken education in the United States contrasted with her implicit education in France, so there was a lot of identity conflict and adaptation process when she arrived in France.

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In episode 7, Emily's professional identity is shown to the best of her ability during her work in France. It reflects her professional identity through the way she behaves and responds to leaders and clients at work. “Where the events take place and how they are shaped are inseparable”(Wyse et al. 2012). Emily's most vivid professional identity, as shown in Episode 7, is reflected in: When the American actress disappears with the brand's million-dollar watch, her anxiety and nervousness about the immediate loss of her job show the character factors in her professional identity. In addition, each of her work results also influences her professional identity.

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In general, on the one hand, using the concept of stereotypes, we analyzed ‘Emily in Paris’ use of various cultural, gender, and social stereotypes to create conflict, thereby emphasizing the differences between American and French cultures.

Stereotype theory is a double-edged sword. When others have a positive view of us it can lead to a positive self-concept,but if we think that others think negatively of us, it may lead to a negative mind. Appropriate care about the evaluation of others is conducive to helping oneself form a distinct identity, but if too much care, it may cause oneself too much psychological pressure and even affect self-esteem.

On the other hand， we analyzed the formation and change of Emily's identity in "Emily in Paris" from three aspects: cultural identity, professional identity and social identity, as well as the reasons. First of all, we explore cultural identity mainly through Emily's perspective. The core is the conflict between American culture and French culture, language barriers or social rules that form the background of Emily's identity. Cultural identity is fluid, with a sense of belonging and continuity. Individuals may have complex cultural identities, influenced over time by personal experiences and interactions with other cultures (Lucero, 2014). Emily's professional identity not only reflects her identity as an employee of a certain company, but also reflects Emily's self-identity, values, behavior, career experience, work ability and so on. Professional identity is constantly evolving and changing, and the achievements and challenges at work and the culture of the workplace can shape the behavior of a person's professional identity(Knights & Clarke, 2013). Additionally, for Social Identity, social identity helps people to define their identity through the group and thus obtain social identity (Paltridge, 2012). From the concept of look-glass Self, we analyze that Emily's early life in Paris was insecure and extremely concerned about other people's opinions. In addition to this, Emily's identity formation is also strongly influenced by her interactions with others. Emily plays a character who tries to fit into the Parisian cultural community, but she faces differences in nationality, profession, and culture. After multiple linguistic, cultural, and other conflicts, Emily blends her native American culture with her Parisian experience to develop a hybrid identity that allows her to navigate two vastly different social environments.

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Gut, A., Wilczewski, M., & Gorbaniuk, O. (2017). Cultural Differences, Stereotypes and Communication Needs in Intercultural Communication in a Global Multicultural Environment The Employees’ Perspective. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 17(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v17i1.729

Knights, D., & Clarke, C. A. (2013). It’s a Bittersweet Symphony, this Life: Fragile Academic Selves and Insecure Identities at Work. Organization Studies, 35(3), 335–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840613508396

Kirilova, M., & Angouri, J. (2018). You are now one of us—Negotiating ‘fitting in’ in the workplace. In A. Creese & A.

Lucero, N. M. (2014). “It’s not about place, it’s about what’s inside”: American Indian women negotiating cultural connectedness and identity in urban spaces. Women S Studies International Forum, 42, 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.10.012

Paltridge, B. (2012). Discourse Analysis: An Introduction. Bloomsbury.

Pointon, P., & Taylor, L. (2012). Place-related identity, texts, and transcultural meanings. British Educational Research Journal, 38(6), 1019–1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2011.608251

Representation of Intercultural Communication in Series “Emily in Paris – Season 1.” (2023). https://doi.org/10.46254/ap03.20220771

Wyse, D., Nikolajeva, M., Charlton, E., Hodges, G. C., Blackledge (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of language and superdiversity (pp. 345–360). Routledge.

Yoon, K., & Hollingshead, A. B. (2010). Cultural Stereotyping, Convergent Expectations, and Performance in Cross-Cultural Collaborations. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(2), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550610362597

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1. Have you ever experienced stereotypes at an international event? What's your solution?

2. Do you think Emily made the right choice when she chose to blend her native American culture with her Parisian experience to develop a mixed identity? Or should she choose to fully integrate into French society and completely change her identity, or treat herself as an outsider and resist change? Why?