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Water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Chemical formula: H2O.

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The continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans, where water evaporates from bodies of water, rises into the atmosphere as vapor, condenses to form clouds, and then falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain, snow, or hail), eventually returning to the water sources through runoff and infiltration into the ground, completing the cycle.

Source: https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/freshwater/water-cycle#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20complex%20system,vapor%20becomes%20solid%20(deposition).

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There are 5 major types of clouds on Earth they are: cumulus, Cumulonimbus, Cirrus, Stratus, and Nimbostratus.

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Are made up of liquid water, ice crystals, or supercooled water droplets. It depends on the temperature. They form when warm water vapor rises into the sky, cools, and condenses into small water droplets that stack on top of each other. The word "cumulus" comes from the Latin word for "heap, pile, or accumulation," which describes the clouds structure.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulus_cloud#:~:text=Cumulus%20clouds%20are%20often%20precursors,reflecting%20the%20incoming%20solar%20radiation.

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They are born through convection. They get taller and taller until they are large powerhouses, storing the same amount of energy as 10 Hiroshima sized atom bombs. They are associated with extreme weather such as torrential downpours, hail storms, lightning and even tornadoes. This only tends to occur when they are multicell or supercell.

Source: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/types-of-weather/clouds/low-level-clouds/cumulonimbus

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Are made up of ice crystals, and this gives them their white color. They form when dry air rises, causing the water vapor in the air to turn directly into ice. They can also form contrails which are vapor trails left by planes flying through the upper troposphere.

Source: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/types-of-weather/clouds/high-clouds/cirrus#:~:text=How%20do%20cirrus%20clouds%20form,become%20cirrus%2C%20cirrostratus%20and%20cirrocumulus.

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These clouds tend to be featureless, low altitude that cover the sky in a blanket of grey or white. They are often seen on overcast days, they can also persist for long periods of time.

Source: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/types-of-weather/clouds/low-level-clouds/stratus

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Stratus Clouds | Definition, Types & Facts - Video | Study.com

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Learn about stratus clouds and the stratus definition and meaning. Explore how stratus clouds form, stratus cloud facts, and what stratus clouds…

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These clouds are dark grey, featureless layers of cloud. Thick enough to block the suns light and produce persistent rain. Often associated with mid-latitude cyclones. These clouds are often seen during thunderstorms and even more severe weather.

Source: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather/types-of-weather/clouds/mid-level-clouds/nimbostratus

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Cloud types: stratus, cumulus, cirrus, nimbus + strange formations

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We live in the state of Tennessee. The average amount of rain we receive in a given year is 50-60 inches. Visit this source to compare Tennessee to Nevada.

Source: https://nyskiblog.com/directory/weather-data/us/annual-precipitation-map/

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Tennessee's average temperature is 55-60 degrees Fahrenheit. Use the link below to learn the temperature of Idaho, New York, Mississippi, Texas, and Florida.

Source: https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/US/state-temperature-maps-seasonal.php

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Click on image and use site to answer: At what speed does it calm; smoke rises vertically? How fast does the wind need to be to break a limb out of a tree? How fast does the wind need to be to blow a whole tree down?

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Mention of any company, product, or service is for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by U. S. First Responders Association, Inc. (USFRA), or imply that any company or its products or services are preferred over any other.

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3 major climate zones are polar, temperate, and tropical. The zones are based on latitude.

Tropical: located near the equator, have high temperatures and high rainfall.

Temperate: located between the equator and the poles, often found in the middle latitudes.

Polar: located near the poles, these climates are found in the high latitudes.

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This bar graph shows the rainfall in Nashville, TN in October 2023. As you can see the lowest month of rainfall is October.

Source: https://www.wkrn.com/weather-headlines/middle-tennessee-drought-conditions-oct-2023/

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The poles are melting due to climate change and the ozone layer thinning. The north and south poles are our polar zones. The picture above shows how the poles have melted from 1980-2018.

Source: https://www.wkrn.com/weather-headlines/middle-tennessee-drought-conditions-oct-2023/

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We can't see the wind but we can feel it. You can see the effects of it, like in this picture. The leaves are blowen to one direction as a strong gust of wind blows through the them. To define wind: natural movement of the air, in the form of air blowing in a current in a particular direction.

Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wind

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The wind speed and direction is measure by an anemometer(pictured above).

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This website teaches us about mountains and rain shadows.

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Mountains and Rain Shadows | Interactive Lesson | PBS LearningMedia

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Students explore how climate conditions can be completely different on either side of a mountain range in this interactive lesson from WGBH. Through satellite images, graphics, and video, they learn how wind patterns, moisture, and landforms interact to form clouds, precipitation, and rain shadows. Students analyze temperature and precipitation data to further support their understanding of how mountains can affect climate. As a summative activity, students use digital tools to create their own model to explain how rain shadows form.

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This website provides videos and quizzes on clouds.

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Covering some 70 percent of Earth's surface, clouds play a key role in our planet's well-being. But how do they form, why are there so many types, and what clues can they give us about the weather and climate to come? Try your hand at classifying clouds and investigating the role they play in severe tropical storms.

Video Intro About this Lab Educator Guide

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Classify clouds and investigate the role they play in severe tropical storms.

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This website provides a lesson on the water cycle.

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The Cycling of Water | PBS LearningMedia

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Learn about the cycling of water among Earth's systems through a diagram and interactive infographic with media from NASA and NOVA. Use this resource to model the movements and transformations of water that occur on land, in the ocean, and in the atmosphere and to visualize the water cycle from different perspectives.