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DEF: An abrasion is a partial thickness wound caused by damage to the skin. It can be superficial involving only the epidermis to deep, involving the deep dermis. Abrasions usually involve minimal bleeding. Mild abrasions, also known as grazes or scrapes, do not scar or bleed because the dermis is left intact, but deep abrasions that disrupt the normal dermal structures may lead to the formation of scar tissue. A more traumatic abrasion that removes all layers of skin is called an avulsion.

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Abrasions (scraping of the outer skin layer)

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Abrasions (scraping of the outer skin layer)

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Initial care:

1. Wash your hands and dry them with a clean towel first.

2. Press a clean cloth against your wound for 5 to 10 minutes to stop any bleeding.

3. Rinse your wound with clean water. Do not use harsh soap, alcohol, or iodine solutions.

4. Use a clean, wet cloth to remove any objects, such as small pieces of rocks or dirt.

5. Rub antibiotic ointment on your wound. This may help prevent infection and help your wound heal.

6. Cover the wound with a non-stick bandage. Change the bandage daily, and if it gets wet or dirty.

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DEF: A laceration or cut refers to a skin wound caused by a sharp object1. Unlike an abrasion, none of the skin is missing1. Lacerations tend to be caused by blunt trauma12. Lacerations are the tears or splits of skin, mucous membrane, muscle or internal organs2. They are often produced by the application of blunt force to a broad area of the body, crushing or stretching the tissues beyond their elasticity

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Initial Care: Apply antibiotic ointment, and then cover the wound area with a sterile gauze bandage and first-aid tape. Clean the wound area daily with soap and water and apply a fresh sterile bandage. For a minor laceration, remove the bandage after a couple of days to promote healing.

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 DEF: Contusions are a type of hematoma — any collection of blood outside a blood vessel. When you get a contusion, capillaries or blood vessels are injured, and blood leaks into the surrounding area.

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Contusions (swollen bruises due to accumulation of blood and dead cells under skin)

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Contusions (swollen bruises due to accumulation of blood and dead cells under skin)

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Initial Care: In the initial 24 to 48 hours of a contusion (the acute phase), the following may help with healing and managing any discomfort:8

1. Rest: To prevent further injury, minimize excessive activity.

2. Ice: Use ice to minimize swelling. Only use ice for 20 minutes at a time, and don't put the ice directly on the skin.

3. Elevation: Swelling from contusions can be minimized by elevating the injured area above the heart.

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 DEF: A puncture wound is a deep wound made by a sharp object, such as a nail or a jagged piece of metal or wood.

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Initial Care:

To take care of a puncture wound: Wash your hands. This helps prevent infection. Stop the bleeding. Apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth. Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with clear water for 5 to 10 minutes. If dirt or debris remains in the wound, use a washcloth to gently scrub it off.

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DEF: An Avulsion is the tearing away of a structure or part either accidentally or surgically.

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Initial Care:

1. Stay safe. If you are not the person who was injured, practice universal precautions and wear personal protective equipment if available. ...

2. Control bleeding with direct pressure and elevation. Use an absorbent clean dressing or any clean cloth that is available to hold pressure on an open avulsion or degloving injury. ...

3. Rinse the wound. ...

4. Replace the flap or bring separated tissue to the hospital

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The universal precautions needed when caring for a wound

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The universal precautions needed when caring for a wound

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1. Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection.

2. Stop the bleeding. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If needed, gently press the wound with a clean bandage or cloth. Raise the area until the bleeding stops.

3. Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with water. Keeping the wound under running water will lower the risk of infection. Wash around the wound with soap. But don't get soap in the wound. And don't use hydrogen peroxide or iodine. Both can irritate wounds. Remove any dirt or debris with tweezers cleaned with alcohol. See a healthcare professional if you can't remove all debris.

4. Put on an antibiotic or petroleum jelly. Put on a thin layer of an antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly to keep the surface moist and help prevent scarring. Ingredients in some antibiotic ointments can cause a mild rash in some people. If you get a rash, stop using the ointment.

5. Cover the wound. Put on a bandage, rolled gauze or gauze held in place with paper tape. Covering the wound keeps it clean. If you have just a minor scrape or scratch, don't cover it.

6. Change the covering. Do this at least once a day or whenever the covering becomes wet or dirty.

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How to recognize an infection in a wound?

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How to recognize an infection in a wound?

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Worsening pain at the site of the wound

Lots of swelling at the site of the wound

Discharge from the wound, particularly if pus is coming out

The wound or skin around it feels hot to touch

Redness that is spreading across the skin around the wound

Fever

Red streaks appear on the surrounding skin

The wound looks like it’s opening instead of healing

The color or size of the wound changes