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Look up the Bill of Rights and copy the wording for your amendment

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Use your own words to explain what right(s) this amendment really grants us

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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Almost all of these rights can be controversial or be interpreted in different ways. Explain how your right can have different interpretationslm

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Describe a real case where the crux of this right was challenged in court. Try to choose as current of an issue as you can, or, one that is very famous.

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A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

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By Lavanya Tripathy and Alessandro Banuelos

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By Lavanya Tripathy and Alessandro Banuelos

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No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

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People in criminal trials have the right to a public trial without much delay. It also guarantees the right to a lawyer and impartial jury.

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This amendment ensures that Congress can not establish any laws that prohibit the rights of the people to express their beliefs or religions.

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The amendment ensures that religion and government are separate and makes sure people are free to practice any religion they want, or none at all, without the government getting involved.

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A homeowner cannot be forced to house any military personnel in a time of peace or war

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The United States has fewer regulations on guns and the right to defend themselves with said weaponry.

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This amendment allows people to keep weapons to protect themselves. The government cannot take people's guns.

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A person is protected from excessive or unreasonable fines or cruel and unusual punishment

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The right for any US Citizen to own and use a gun for self protection and and protection of property

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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.

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The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

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The government isn't allowed to torture people or use unachievable fines and bails to punish them.

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How can this be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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This amendment can be interpreted as if people will be allowed to say whatever they want with no consequences. Which is not the case because some speech is considered threatening and openly threatening somebody is considered a crime.

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The government isn't allowed to torture people or use unachievable fines and bails to punish them.

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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With a great deal of gun violence occurring in the US, many are protesting this amendment. There are different interpretations of this amendment, with some believing that it gives individuals the complete power to own and use weapons, while others believe that it was only in relation to the state militia. Today, many are advocating for gun control laws because of the gun violence that is occurring.

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Protects the right of the people to a jury trial if the claimed value is over the dollar value

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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It's not always clear whether a trial has been "speedy" enough, leading to debates and legal challenges about whether the right was violated.

Some people think that everyone deserves good lawyers, and if the lawyer does a poor job, the trial isn’t fair. The controversy comes from deciding how much the government should step in to fix these types of cases.

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This amendment defines reserved powers. These are powers not granted to the United States government that are instead given (“reserved”) for the States and the people.

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How can this right be interpeted in diffrent ways and even be controversial 

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How can this right be interpeted in diffrent ways and even be controversial 

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It can be interpreted in the way that one can shoot to protect ones family and property, it can also be inyerperted as the right for guns to be acessable to all people to despite gun control laws, that protect the wrong people from owning a gun.

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How can this be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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This amendment doesn't protect all social classes due to the excessive fines that prosecutors have to pay. Mainly protecting the rich and not the poor.

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Bethel School District v. Fraser

Students do not have a First Amendment Right to make obscene speeches in school.

A student, Mathew Fraser, made an obscene and provocative speech at his school when nominating one of his classmates for an election. This resulted in his suspension for 3 days. However, the Supreme Court held that his rights were not violated.

Engel v. Vital

School-initiated prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.

The New York school system began each day with a prayer about God. This action was challenged in Court as a violation of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court decided that the government could not sponsor such religious activities.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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The government is forbid from using torture and excessive fines or bail to punish people who have broken the law.

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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The level of cruel punishment is subjective and can be interpreted in many ways. For some people, a cruel punishment may be nothing in comparison to what others think is cruel or unfair.

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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The amendment uses the words "common law," but the judges encountered a problem to which "common law" courts are the amendment referring.

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Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to put the death penalty for a crime committed by a child under the age of 18. The Court agreed that a death sentence for a minor goes against the Eighth amendment because a minor has more potential to understand their own humanity.

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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People can do certain things that are illegal but think that it is okay due to their religion/ beliefs. During the case known as the United States v. Lee, an Amish person refused to pay Social Security taxes. He said that these taxes were a kind of insurance and that his religion dictated that Amish people were to place their trust in God and not insurance. The Supreme court ruled against him, making the Amish man pay.

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial ?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial ?

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This right, though written specifically, can be controversial. Some people may argue that it's their right to privacy. However, the third Amendment is specifically about preventing the government from forcing troops into civilians' homes. Regardless people use this Amendment to apply to privacy issues that it wasn't meant to address.

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The 9th amendment grants that the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

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The Gideon v. Wainwright case in 1963 has allowed criminal defendants who cannot afford lawyers to be provided with one. Gideon was charged with a felony but could not afford one. He asked the court for one, but the state only provided defenders for death penalty cases, so he had to represent himself. He was sent to prison. He argued that his Sixth Amendment was violated. The Supreme Court agreed and made it so that states must provide one to defendants who cannot afford it in all serious criminal cases.

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this right be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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The drinking age in America was being decided by the states, and between 1970 and 1975, 29 states lowered the drinking age to 18 or 19, and this caused many traffic incidents. Therefore, in some situations, it might be a controversial amendment.

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The people have rights that will be protected other than those mentioned in the constitution.

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In the case of Engblom v. Carey, two correction officers claimed that their 3rd Amendment rights were violated as they were evicted without notice to house members of the National Guard without their consent. The judge later dismissed the due process claim.

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How can this be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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How can this be interpreted in different ways and even be controversial?

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The ninth amendment can be controversial because overall, it is very vague. For example, it is unclear whether the Amendment has the power to grant previously unmentioned rights. In addition, although it forbids the government from restricting enumerated rights of citizens, it doesn’t directly affirm the existence of the rights.

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Engel v. Vitale (1962)

A New York law required public schools to begin each day with the Pledge of Allegiance and a prayer. Students could opt out, but a parent sued, arguing the law violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Supreme Court held that reciting government-written prayers in public schools was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

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Amendment 5 guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination.

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A case study where the 9th amendment was challenged was in the case study of Roe v Wade (1971-1973), it was ruled that women had the power over privacy of their bodes under the 9th amendment. This then protected the right to abortion in the US.

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In Printz v. United States, the Supreme Court reinforced States’ rights by striking down the Brady Act, which would require all local sheriffs to perform gun background checks. The Supreme Court declared that the US government should be unable to “commandeer” state governments for the purpose of enforcing federal regulations and struck the Brady Act as a violation of the 10th Amendment.

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Yesterday on the I-75, a Kentucky man (32 Joseph Couch) perched atop a cliffside and used an AR-15 purchased to commit a mass shooting, sparking debate if we should add more restrictions on guns going against the 2nd amendment.

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District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

The District of Colombia banned keeping guns in homes and said any gun that was in a home had to be non-functioning. Dick Anthony Heller argued that not allowing guns in the home was unconstitutional, and sued the District of Columbia. He won because he argued that it was unconstitutional to not allow working guns for defense on personal property (homes).

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The government essentially is unable to abuse its prosecutorial powers. Citizens have right to a jury trial when charged with a crime, protection against "double jeopardy," protection against self-incrimination, right to a fair trial, and protection against the taking of property by the government without compensation.

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For example, the eighth amendment was prominently used in the case of Hudson v. Mcmillian, in which it was found that the officers used force when there was no need to do so and that the judge expressly condoned their actions, and ruled that respondents had violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishments, and awarded Hudson damages.

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There is some controversy with what counts as "self incrimination" in the amendment. Writing and speaking are protected but DNA and fingerprints can be used as evidence. This can cause some conflicts with was is protected in this amendment.

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By: Helen Generalis and Tyler Southworth

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By: Helen Generalis and Tyler Southworth

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One example of a court case surrounding the 5th Amendment is Miranda v. Arizona in 1966. Ernesto Miranda claimed his Fifth Amendment rights were violated as he confessed without being reminded of his rights against self-incrimination. The Supreme Court emphasized the importance of informing individuals of their rights when in police custody.

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The person who gets the most votes becomes the President and gets the whole number of electoral college votes for the state. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person has a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President

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The electoral College will vote separately for President and Vice President rather than together in one ballet.