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To produce two identical daughter cells for growth, repair, or asexual reproduction.

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To produce gametes (sperm or eggs) for sexual reproduction, leading to genetic variation.

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Key steps to Meiosis are Prophase I, Metaphase I, Telophase I & Cytokinesis and Meiosis II

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Key steps to Mitosis are: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis.

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Mitosis is a process that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with a full set of chromosomes. This occurs through key stages. of stages, as per above, where the parent cell duplicates its chromosomes and then evenly divides them, ensuring that both daughter cells have the same DNA as the original cell.

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Meiosis leads to four genetically unique daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes. This process involves two rounds of cell division. In the first division, homologous chromosomes are separated, and in the second, sister chromatids are separated. Meiosis also includes mechanisms like crossing over and independent assortment, which introduce genetic variation by shuffling the genetic material between chromosomes (Fowler, Roush, & Wise, 2023).

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During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange parts of their DNA, creating new combinations of genes.

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During Metaphase I, the way homologous pairs line up is random. This random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes explains Mendel’s law of independent assortment, contributing to the genetic uniqueness of each gamete.