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In the corresponding columns, answer the following questions about the storythat you chose:

1. How does the story represent the way of life and traditions of Aymara people who live in the north of our country?

2. Have you ever visited an inland village? Tell us what you saw and did there.

3. Using your knowledge of academic vocabulary write down an explanatory paragraph of your own analysis of how Aymara culture is reflected in the text you chose.

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The story “The New Son-in-Law” summarize the values of hard work, roles, authority, respect, and the importance of family bonds, all integral to Aymara culture.

This is evident when the father-in-law tests the son-in-law’s behavior and skills in essential duties: “He had to be an early bird, a good herder, a knower of llamas, a good wool weaver and an efficient and honest person." These requirements are not simply practical but symbolize the son’s integration into the family and the family’s expectations, the story questions whether if he is suitable or not to be his daughter’s husband (Is he good enough at slaughtering animals?, In Aymara culture, this emphasizes responsibility, roles, respect for elders, and the preservation of traditional knowledge.

After all, the story does not only reflect a “personal experience”, it is not superficial or just a short story. Instead, it tries to teach and immerse readers in how Aymara culture and traditions reflect lastings values and customs nowadays in northern Chile.

Josefa Canales

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“THE CONDOR AND THE UNGRATEFUL OSTRICH”

As mentioned before, for my this story represents the fauna that has the Aymara people and how they perceive life and the living beings that live on the earth. his point of view is relative to the Pachamama his most important belief.

I fell this story is very represented the Aymara culture because they bealive so much in the mystic or the created. For my the methpor is for be more gratefull person and this is something characteristic of the Aymara people they are a really greatfull culture.

-Karen Mir

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The story of "El Chaño" clearly represents the Aymara community, their beliefs tend to be related with spiritual things. Also with the nature, so this story has to be with something that happened in the past that is connected with nature because the man "El Chaño" took away the animals of the man after he scared him. There must be a story behind of this man, probably he´s the devil and that´s why he took away the animals, sometimes Aymara´s people tells you what to do and what no to do. For example: what you should avoid to do in reltations to their stories and beliefs. You should avoid go out in the night, you shouldn´t talk to strangers o with a man or woman that looks quite or weird. You have to respect and follow their recomendations because most of them are related with their beliefs or stories that could had happened in their land.

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3. The story “The New Son-in-Law “ takes us to a shallow knowledge of Aymara culture, by this I mean it shows us some traditions and remarkable ways of thinking of Aymara culture and people by little hints, for example the way the father-in-law treats his son-in-law and what were the expectations, he needed to be an early bird, a good herder, a knower of llamas, a good wool weaver and an efficient and honest person. The new son-in-law had to meet all these requirements to be part of the family. The way the father in law punished his son in law for a mistake he made, and the way the son in law silently takes the punishment reflect the respect of authority, elder people,and hierarchies.

We can see family union, love and integrity reflected in the moment the father in law apologized to his son in law by giving him two llamas and reasuring his carefulness and that he was in fact, a good person worthy of being part of the family. From that moment the elder only showed love and affection to his in law.

Traditions being kept and maintenence by time, passing from one generation to another, something very typical of native people, is reflected in the way the saying “ the tripe that makes son in laws cry” remains in the community as a tribute to in laws, this shows as how Aymaras keep and maintand their traditions a clear and useful way to keep heritage untouched.

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The Aymara’s culture is based on family and blood ties, spiritual and religious practices, and their cosmovision. The story previously read, narrates the history of two great hills called “Huanapa Hill” and “Sillajuay Hill”, and this tells us the way they fell in love.

This gives us knowledge of how they perceive nature and their surroundings. Thanks to previous understanding, their legends, myths, folk tales and stories are always related to great divinities, the creation or the starting point of some traditions, and nature.

It’s also important the way they describe situations and characters (usually nature items, such as: mountains, volcanos, hills, waterfalls, rain, sky, stars, etc.) as they were powerful humans, divinities or even conscious of themselves and their actions. furthermore, this is how they explain the way things are created, formed or shaped, by humans, gods, stars o just as simple as the Big bang. Valentina Bertuchi

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I feel like the story reflects in a very light manner the culture and importance these animals have since they’re sacred for the aymara people and and deeper meaning showing how straightforward nature and beautiful is, the animals may be competing like they were human and praying but the end shows just how nature works with the Condor eating the fox; they cherish nature, being one of their gods La Pachamama that’s tied to the land. While the story is played out in Los Andes close to where aymaras started making their life in Chile, you can feel closer to aymaras culture through the animals and the environment.

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As mentioned before, the text I chose did not represent very well the way Aymara people lives. However, it does show some traces of its culture and beliefs. It mentions a place (Tirigualla) that is well known for being a place sacred to the Aymara people due to how many spiritual symbolisms it has for them. The man named Chaño also showcases the way Aymaras believe in supernatural beings and events, and how easy it is for them to twist and change what reality is for us.

–Antonia Carreño.

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Francisco "The test of resistance of cold"

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Francisco "The test of resistance of cold"

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I read the first chaper of the book, and it represent the chainfood of animals with the challenge between the fox and the condor, the challeges between them, and how they compete to see who eats the other even if it means to be in the verge of death just to eat the other animal in front of you, how they fight the coldness, how their kind help each other, showing how beautiful, challenging and cruel it's the nature in the Aymara's culture.

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The Aymara culture, deeply rooted in Andean spirituality and a profound respect for nature, is reflected in the short story "The Condor and the Ungrateful Ostrich."

The story's central theme of gratitude and the consequences of ingratitude aligns with Aymara beliefs about the interconnectedness of all beings and the importance of maintaining balance in the natural world. The condor, symbolizing wisdom, strength, and connection to the heavens, represents the Aymara reverence for the divine and the importance of gratitude for the blessings bestowed upon them. Conversely, the ostrich, representing earthly desires and self-centeredness, exemplifies the negative consequences of disregarding the interconnectedness of life and the divine.

The story's moral, that ingratitude leads to loss, is a powerful reminder of the Aymara belief in the cyclical nature of life and the importance of living in harmony with the natural world.

Fabián Castillo.

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The story of “The condor and the ungrateful ostrich” clearly represents the belief of the Aymara people. They usually connect all the events that happen around them with spiritual things as the person who gives the food or gives you the capability to do something, all those kinds of things are given by someone higher, stronger and more almighty than everyone on this earth. Besides, the story represents how Aymara people care about their territory, flora and fauna.

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What I thing about the Aymara culture is that they live a very sacrificed life, because they are always trying to keep their traditions alive even when the technology and new way to do the things is changing above the time. They also have a different weather than in the city so It can be a struggle to get up early in the morning and care for babies in their environment. I think that that is also hard. They have traditions involving religious beliefs which they follow without fail whenever it must be done.

VALENTINA ROMÁN