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Question: if researchers would like to conduct surveys to understand the shopping behaviors of the public and they chose to send out surveys at a shopping mall. What are the biases here?

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Question: if researchers would like to conduct surveys to understand the shopping behaviors of the public and they chose to send out surveys at a shopping mall. What are the biases here?

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not everyone shopping at shopping malls

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Didn't cover people who are not in favour of shopping mall

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Ignore the people who buy things online

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A single shopping mall might not be the best representation of consumer shopping behaviours in general.

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those who perfer shopping online are not involved in the sample

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Only capturing the behaviors of shoppers who visit the mall, and may exclude non-shoppers or those who shop elsewhere.

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They only conducted a survey on those who appear at the shopping mall, but these people cannot stand for the public.

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the sample covers only those who have the hobbit of shopping

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They cannot acquire the shopping habits of people who do not like to go to shopping mal to purchase goods.

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undercoverage

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some consumers will shop online，this will cause the representation sample bias

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They ignore the people who don't shop at this shopping mall, maybe they choose to shop at other shopping malls or by other ways.

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They ignore the people who don't shop at this shopping mall, maybe they choose to shop at other shopping malls or by other ways.

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Because the survey neglects the people who are not a fan to go to the shopping mall.

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Only include the people that used to go shopping at shopping mall, ignore other ways to buy things. (supermarket, online, etc.

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The shopping mall may not be able to get an accurate result because those people who do not go to shopping mall cannot complete this survey. The sample cannnot be representative.

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Those people in shopping mall can't represent all groups of people. Many people buy things online.

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This survey will only be given to those who like to do shopping in the shopping mall, which ignores other shopping channels.

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People shopping online or in the small store won’t get access to the survey.

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undercovereage,because they ignore people buy online.

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They ignore those people who shop online.

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It may lead to a problem of undercovereage data since some people will shop online instead of going to the mall

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people who appear at the shopping mall usually loves shopping below the line while the others love shopping online.

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they assumes that the respondents in that shopping mall could represent all customers online and different kinds of shopping mall.

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They just send out surveys at only one shopping mall which cannot represent all shopping malls in the area. This might be a sample bias

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A shopping mall represents only one choice through which customers can go shopping

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Some people would not go to the shopping mall for shopping. And a single shopping mall could not represent the shopping behaviors of people.

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some people buy online and only one shopping mall can not represent the result

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They only chose the people who are willing to do some shopping at a shopping mall as their surveys' sample.

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The public include the people who shop online, in convenience stores, in shopping mall and so on.

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The sample only includes the people who preferring shopping at the mall.

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Malls may not be representative of the broader population, as certain demographic groups may be over- or under-represented.

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The data collection is incomplete, and people who buy from other ways are not counted

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Volunteers who do a survey at a shopping mall represent volunteers who would go shopping, but they cannot represent those who don’t go to a shopping mall.

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they may not choose people from different ages, which have different preference when choosing things

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Not all of people will answer the survey, the people answer the survey means they are interested into the topic.

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The people who are interested in online shopping are not considered.

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It ignored those people who do not attend shopping mall

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It ignored those people who do not attend shopping mall

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The researchers should choose to send surveys at a variety of shopping malls, to avoid sample bias and increase sampling size.

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The researchers should choose to send surveys at a variety of shopping malls, to avoid sample bias and increase sampling size.

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The shoping mall cannot accurately represent all the shopping venues that people do shopping.

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Only people shop at the shopping mall are involved.

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The type and geographical location of the shopping centre, or the deviation of the survey time, such as weekdays or holidays

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Doesn't include all consumers.

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People who shopping online will be ignored, and the type of shopping mall will also cause sample bias

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The shoppers in that mall is not representative enough for shopping behavior

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The researchers only select samples that exhibit a behavior pattern on going to shopping mall and therefore have selective bias.

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Exclude the buyers who are not willing to answer the survey.

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ignore those people who shop online and don't buy things in this shopping mall.

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Actually there are many people choose to purchase items online instead of offline

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Ignore people buying online or who prefer cheaper shopping site. (Under coverage)

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undercoverage: a single shopping mall is too small a sample base. Online shopping is not involved

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Shoppers who spend more time in shopping centres are more likely to be selected for the survey

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Undercoverage. It ignores the group of people who shop online, thus failing to represent the population.

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the sample only covers populations that shopping at a mall

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researchers sent the survey in shopping mall, which means the people who answer the research like to go to the shopping mall, then this research cannot collect the information from those who don't like to go to the shopping mall.

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The sample would be limited to the customers that choose to come to this certain shopping mall, or the people would be more willing to go to a shopping mall for shopping. That would cause biases in sample selection.

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There will be undercoverage bias.

Shopping mall is not a place where all kinds of customers will come.

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Data from only one mall is not enough. Purchases don’t occur only at shopping mall.

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people at the mall tend to shop physically but there is a selection bias where people shop online are ignored

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The sample cannot represent the whole population, as people who prefer to do shopping online would not show up at the shopping mall.

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The sample cannot represent the whole population, as people who prefer to do shopping online would not show up at the shopping mall.

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The researchers could not collect data on shopping behaviors from consumers who like online shopping.

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assuming everyone of the public shops at the shopping mall

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People who are not at this particular mall will not be able to attend the survey. Others also will prefer to shop online and they also will not be tested from the survey.

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The survey only contains a specific and limited population,ignoring other situation offline and online.

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online shoppers are not included in the survey

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Not all people visit mall, they cannot represent the whole public

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can't represent all shopping people

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1. only get information from offline customer, ignore the customer who like shopping online.

2. not everyone like to do the survey when shopping, the data may limited

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For those people who like to shop online should not be include in the sample. And the surveys for one shopping mall is not representative.

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Conducting surveys at a shopping mall introduces convenience sampling bias and voluntary response bias, as the sample may not represent those who don't frequent malls and those more interested in shopping are more likely to participate.

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people who prefer to shop in other types of site are not included

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people who prefer to shop in other types of site are not included

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When conducting surveys in shopping malls, researchers might face biases such as time sampling bias (shoppers differ at various times of the month), length bias (those who stay longer are more likely to be surveyed), and selection bias (interviewers may choose respondents like themselves). To reduce these biases, it's important to use systematic sampling methods that represent the actual flow and demographic profile of shoppers throughout the entire month.

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The sample they capture is limited in the specific shopping mall

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only individuals who buy products in the shopping malls are included, those who prefer offline shopping are excluded.

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The sample may not be representative of the general public's shopping behaviors, as it excludes people who do not shop at malls, those who are unable to physically visit the mall due to factors such as mobility issues or distance, and those who may shop online instead.

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The sample may not be representative of the general public's shopping behaviors, as it excludes people who do not shop at malls, those who are unable to physically visit the mall due to factors such as mobility issues or distance, and those who may shop online instead.

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There is an undercovereage since not all of the people who like shopping are shopping offline or just shopping in the certain shopping mall.

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Mall shoppers may not be representative of the general population, as certain demographic groups may be more or less likely to visit malls. Researchers should consider the demographic makeup of their sample and weight their results accordingly.

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Absence Of data of those who doesn’t go shopping at shopping mall

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there are limited for the people who go to the specific shopping mall

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The sample is limited to individuals who visit the mall, which might not represent people who prefer online shopping or who do not visit malls frequently.

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People doing that survey in the shoppingmall are bias to do shopping activities rather than don't willing to shop