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Description
- The rainforest is a very hot and moist environment where it rains all year long. It is known for its dense canopies of vegetation that form three different layers This layer of vegetation blocks much of the sunlight from reaching the ground. The canopy is also covered in substantial, woody vines. To access sunlight, they scale trees that are covered in a canopy. Vines, smaller trees, ferns, and palms make up the middle layer, often known as the understory. These plants are used as common houseplants in great numbers. These plants are easily adapted to indoor situations because they receive little sunlight and rain. Wet leaves and leaf litter cover the rainforest's base layer, or floor. In the warm, humid environment, this material decomposes quickly, returning nutrients to the soil. Due to the absence of sunshine, there are few vegetation on the forest floor.However, the hot, humid environment and all the dead plant matter foster the ideal environment for the growth of bacteria and other microbes.

Characteristics
- Over 2,000 mm of rain per year
- High average temperatures of 28C
- The atmosphere is hot and humid
- Consistent climate all year round, no seasons

Plants
- Orchids
- Kapok tree
- Cacao
- Liana
- Epiphyte

Animals
- Jaguar
- Gorillas
- Capybara
- Okapi
- Poison dart frog

Human Impact
- Mining, logging, ranching, agriculture, and oil and gas extraction have put unsustainable pressure on the delicate rain forests of the Amazon Basin.

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Description
- The desert biome is the driest biome in the world. One of the main characteristics of the desert is that it receives the smallest amount of rainfall out of any other biome. The temperature of the biome can change drastically from day to night because of the incredibly dry climate. The daytime average temperature is 38C and it can get as low as -4C at night in some deserts. The temperature varies greatly based on where the desert is. These extreme weather conditions led to the plants in this biome needing to save any amount of water they get.

Characteristics
- Aridity
- Extremes of temperature
- Humidity
- Precipitation
- Drought

Animals
- Scorpions
- Sandcat
- Sidewinder
- Dromedary
- Camel

Plants
- Cactus
- Joshua tree
- Brittlebush
- Agave
- Prickly pear

Human Impact
- Similar to every other biome, the human impact is negative on this biome. These include expansion and intensive use of agricultural lands, poor irrigation practices, deforestation, and overgrazing. These practices alter the land's soil chemistry and hydrology.

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Description
- The Taiga biome is essentially a thick forest. It is a part of the cold, subarctic region. This is a part of the Northern Hemisphere, just south of the Arctic Circle. Alaska, Canada, Siberia, and Scandinavia have taigas. Like the tundra biome, the Tiaga biome also consists of a permafrost layer. The taiga biome can also have a layer of bedrock just below the soil. These layers combined prevent water drainage from the top layers of the ground. This creates areas known as Muskegs. Muskegs are an area of land that look solid because of the plant growth on top but are actually very wet and spongy.

Characteristics
- Evergreen trees
- Very cold weather, short summers, and 6-month-long winters
- Very little precipitation
- Short plant growth season
- Thin layer of soil

Plants
- Conifers
- Paper Birch
- Lichen
- Black Spruce
- Jack Pine
Animals
- Moose
- American Black Bear
- Brown Bear
- Wolverine
- Bald Eagle

Human Impact
- Again, humans are affecting the taiga biome very negatively. This consists of deforestation through logging and clear-cutting, the use of herbicides and pesticides, and animals being hunted for their fur.

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Description
- The Tundra biome is the coldest. Its climate is extremely cold, snowy, and icy, compared to any other biome, but it can get warmer in the Summer. These very cold temperatures lead to a permafrost layer, which is when the ground below the surface layer is completely frozen. It also receives very low amounts of precipitation, making it similar to a desert. The low amount of precipitation leads to the biome having very few nutrients. The nutrient pool consists of dead organic material. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. The Tundra biome consists of most of Alaska and half of Canada. It is also found at the tops of very high mountains.

Characteristics
- The Tundra has a low biotic diversity
- Simple vegetation structure
- Limitation of drainage
- A short season of growth and reproduction
- Large population oscillations

Plants
- Lichen
- Moss
- Reindeer moss
- Cottongrass
- Bearberry
Animals
- Canada Lynx
- Arctic Hare
- Lemming
- Musk Ox
- Arctic Fox

Human Impact
- The Human impact on the Tundra biome is overall very negative. Some examples of this are, the disruption of permafrost by paving roads, the establishment of permanent communities, oil and mining operations, and other developments causing lasting damage to the Tundra biome.

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Where the Temperate Deciduous Forest is located 

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Description
- Temperate deciduous forests are located in the mid-latitude areas. This means they are found between the polar regions and the tropics. These regions are exposed to warm and cold air masses, thus causing the area to have four seasons. The average yearly temperature is 10°C. These forests get 750 to 1,500 mm of precipitation spread relatively evenly throughout the year.

Characteristics
- Substantial amounts of rain
- Trees shed their leaves in the winter
- Vertical stratification of plants and animals

Animals
- Northern Copperhead
- Eastern Cottontail
- Muskrat
- Roe Deer
- Eastern Chipmunk
Plants
- Oak tree
- Birch tree
- European beech tree
- Maple Tree
- Pinus tree

Human Impact
- The impacts on the temperate deciduous forest are also harmful. These include logging, grazing, conversion to agriculture, fire suppression, and manipulation of wildlife populations. These have caused massive alterations in forest  composition, structure, and diversity

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Descripton
- Grasslands are generally flat, open, and continuous. They are frequently situated between subtropical deserts and temperate woods at high latitudes. Grasses range in size from 2.1 m (7 ft) tall with roots reaching 1.8 m (6 ft) into the ground to short grasses that only reach a height of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 in). These short grasses contain roots that can go as deep as one meter (approximately three feet). The height of the grass is related to how much rain it gets. In contrast to deserts, which get less than 300 mm of rain per year, and tropical forests, which get more than 2,000 mm, grasslands get between 500 to 950 mm. Some grasslands experience frequently high temperatures, the average ranging from -20°C to 30°C. Tropical grasslands experience warm-weather dry and wet seasons. Cold winters and mild, rainy summers are characteristics of temperate grasslands. Every year, grasses wither to their roots, and the soil and sod shield the roots and young buds from the winter cold or dry circumstances. Due to the lack of rainfall, this biome may have a few trees along the streams, but not many.

Characteristics
- Vegetation structures dominated by grasses
- Semi-arid climate
- Rainfall and soils are insufficient to support significant tree growth
- Most common at mid-latitudes and near the interiors of continents
- Often exploited for agricultural uses

Plants
- Purple needlegrass
- Blue grama
- Buffalo grass
- Galleta
- Sunflowers

Animals
- Prairie dogs
- Bison
- Elk
- Deer
- Pronghorns

Human Impact
- Humans have had a dramatic impact on the grassland biome because temperate grasslands have rich soil. Most of the grasslands in the US have been converted into fields for crops or grazing land for cattle.