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Amazing Honolua Bay Snorkeling | OCTOPUS | Maui Snorkeling Spots HAWAII | Best places to snorkel

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High chiefs found Kailua to be a desirable place to live and, subsequently, a welcome stop for Hawaiian monarchy as they initially traversed the island, thanks to its abundant resources and comfortable environment. In the early 20th century, fishing and farming were the fundamental components of life in Kailua.

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The History and Growth of Kailua

It's easy to understand why early Hawaiians settled in the windward Oahu district of Kailua. The ahupua'a was blessed with fertile, stream-fed lands, cooling breezes, two natural ponds - Kaelepulu and Kawainui - and a plentiful source of food from pristine Kailua Bay. Scientific evidence has found that humans first occupied the Kailua area as early as 500 AD. However, it wasn't until around 1200 that widespread cultivation took root here, with Hawaiians growing taro as well as bananas, sweet potato and other native crops in a vast network of terraced parcels that extended into the foothills and valleys of the Koolau Mountains.

Kailua's bountiful resources and pleasant climate made it an attractive home for high chiefs and, later, a welcome stop for Hawaiian royalty as they traveled around the island. Life in Kailua revolved around fishing and agriculture into the early 20th century, although by the mid-1800s, the dominance of taro farming gave way to rice cultivation as Hawaii's growing sugar industry brought Chinese immigrant workers to the Islands. When the workers' contracts expired, many moved to Kailua and took up rice farming and milling. At one time there were as many as five rice mills in the district. By 1910, rice cultivation had waned as market demand declined.

A change in immigration laws stopped the flow of Chinese laborers to Hawaii, and Hawaii's rice exports faced competition from growers in Texas and California. Dairy farms had begun to replace Kailua's rice farms and became more widespread as the population grew. Also by the early 1900s, Kailua was seeing the first signs of commerce, including three Chinese-owned grocery stores located in the Maunawili area, followed by a poi factory, blacksmith, barbershop, tailor shop and other small businesses. Traveling vendors, selling housewares and sundries as well as perishables, made frequent visits to the Windward side.

Around the same time, Kaneohe Ranch Company, founded in 1893 and later acquired by James B. Castle and his son Harold Kainalu Long Castle, was accumulating large tracts of land in Windward Oahu for its ranching activities, owning some 12,000 acres from Kailua to Kaneohe. Considered one of the founding families of 'modern' Kailua, the Castles were the dominant land-owners in the region, holding an estimated 80 percent of the property in Kailua by the time World War II broke out.

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It's easy to understand why early Hawaiians settled in the windward Oahu district of Kailua. The ahupua'a was blessed with fertile, stream-fed lands, cooling breezes, two natural ponds - Kaelepulu and Kawainui - and a plentiful source of food from pristine Kailua Bay.

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The significance of Honolua Bay and its history is important to the ahupua'a of Honolua. The website provides insight as to how Honolua has evolved over the past and how the bay is significant to Honolua. The bay played a large role in supporting the communities within Honolua.

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In 1836, an American missionary and doctor by the name of Dwight Baldwin settled on Maui. During this time, the area was separated into seven ahupua'a, or pie slices of land that offered ideal access to different elevations for growing several kinds of crops, including areas of Honolua, Honokahua, Honokowai, Honokohau, Kahana, Mahinahina, and Mailepai. After completing 17 years of diligent service, Reverend Dr. Dwight Baldwin was granted 2,675 acres on the lands of the Mahinahina and Kahana ahupua'a for farming and grazing. New land was acquired until 1902 when Honolua Ranch reached 24,500 acres.

The area was originally used for fishing, raising cattle and farming crops such as coffee beans, aloe, mango, and taro. Honolua Ranch Manager and horticulturist David T. Fleming eventually planted the first 20 acres of hala kahiki, or pineapple, transforming Honolua Ranch into Honolua Plantation. By 1920, the ranch and plantation were renamed Baldwin Packers and became the largest private label producer of pineapple juice and pineapples in the country. By 1923, Baldwin Packers owned and managed 22,000+ acres of land in West Maui, and in 1969, the company merged with Maui Pineapple Company to creaHonolua Kayak Snorkel Turtle Mauite Maui Land & Pineapple Company.

After the opening of Kapalua Resort in 1978, 45 acres of the area encompassing Honolua Bay was declared a Marine Life Conservation District. In 1988, Maui Land & Pineapple Company dedicated an additional 8,304 acres of land to conservation, including the Pu'u Kukui, meaning "hill of enlightenment," the largest privately owned nature preserve in all of Hawaii.

With the recent possession of Lipoa Point and surrounding area, including Honolua Bay, by the state of Hawaii, October 9th has been officially named Lipoa Point Day.

Members of Save Honolua Coalition, along with many residents and officials, have worked hard to preserve the area as an open space with public access, so please take the time to visit this historic area and appreciate it for yourself.

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Honolua Bay Maui Information | Snorkeling & Surfing

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In 1836, an American missionary and doctor by the name of Dwight Baldwin settled on Maui. During this time, the area was separated into seven ahupua'a, or pie slices of land that offered ideal access to different elevations for growing several kinds of crops, including areas of Honolua, Honokahua, Honokowai, Honokohau, Kahana, Mahinahina, and Mailepai.

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Melanie Yamaguchi provides information about the popular landmarks on the famous pillbox hike in Kailua. The popular Lanikai pillbox hike has greater meaning and significance to region and the Natives who inhabit Kailua.

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HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) -Tucked away behind a row of homes in Lanikai lies a narrow dirt path that gradually turns into a steep, rocky incline up the Kaiwa Ridge. Reach the first flat area of the hike and you'll see a small concrete structure off in the distance.

That structure is your destination - and it not only has a storied history, it offers those willing to sweat their way to the top of the ridge a perfect vantage point for a panoramic view of Lanikai Beach and the Mokulua Islands.

Welcome to Lanikai Pillbox, one of the state's most popular hikes - with a 75-year-old military bunker as its showcase.

The pillbox is one of several scattered around the island, and reclaimed by communities as centerpieces at busy trails across Oahu.

Koko Crater, Makapuu, Maili and Ehukai: They all feature pillboxes - and they've all become a hiker's ideal destination point to take in some of Oahu's most beautiful views.

Historians say these vestiges of a bygone era - which hearken back to one of the most significant periods in military history in Hawaii - aren't just important landmarks, they're artifacts worth saving.

"It reminds you more in your gut this is something really from the past, and this is what it really felt like or looked like," said Brenden Bliss, military and naval historian at Hawaii Pacific University. "It's really important to be able to keep these structures around no matter where they are."

Inside the oblong structure, resembling the shape of an actual pill box, is enough space to hold three people comfortably. The roughly 2-foot-high window in a concrete wall opens up to a wide, sweeping view of the ocean.

These military bunkers were built with a simple purpose: to defend and watch for enemy activity.

"They're actually defenses on all of the islands, and they were originally built right after the United States annexed Hawaii, and especially after 1907, there's big fear that Japan would actually attack the United States and we'd go to war," Bliss said.

Bliss is a professor at HPU, specializing in World War I and World War II history. He spends most of his time sifting through books, journals and lengthy documents.

But strolling toward the base of the Koko Crater trail and pointing up at the concrete bunker at the top of the 75-year-old tramway, he's enthusiastic to share history through physical, tangible objects that "remind us of our past, remind us of what happened."

Some of the defenses were built prior to World War II, but the bulk of them, he said, were actually built a little later, in the midst of World War II in the 1940s, specifically after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.

"It was to look for incoming airplanes or incoming ships," Bliss said. "Primarily the concern at the time was the ships and then that way you could observe them, shoot them out of the water with all the gun emplacements."

The story behind the Lanikai Pillbox trail is a unique one: Also known as the Kaiwa Ridge trail, the two structures at the top were originally built in 1943, but their primary function was to serve as observation stations, not sites for defensive armaments, according to the state Department of Land and Natural Resources.

After the war, the ridge was sold to various private individuals through the years. But in the early 1990s, a private owner proposed a plan to build a luxury home atop the ridge - a plan that did not sit well with conservationists and other community members.

Around the same time, the DLNR had just begun promoting its Na Ala Hele trail system, created in response to trails being lost to urban sprawl development.

So, thanks to an executive order under the governor, the DLNR obtained jurisdiction over the roughly 4-acre chunk of land that encompasses the historic pillboxes.

Since then, the trail's popularity has grown exponentially.

Aaron Lowe, Oahu trails and access specialist with the DLNR's Division of Forestry and Wildlife department, said while it's a good thing hikers are now using the trail for recreational purposes, there's also a downfall.

"The numbers are huge and so that certainly had a negative impact on the neighboring community," Lowe said.

Lowe added that not only are there complaints of noise and litter, but the trail itself has seen quite a bit of erosion and degradation - and, of course, deterioration to the World War II-era pillboxes at the top.

Rather than blocking off access completely, the DLNR decided to take the unusual step of investing $250,000 to repair the aging structures. That involved fixing the concrete spalling and replacing the rusted roof supports that practically diminished to dangerously thin, unstable pieces of steel.

"The idea was to basically just fix the pillboxes back up to somewhat of their normal condition for public safety reasons since they are so heavily used by the public," Lowe said.

And because the pillboxes themselves are considered historic by State Historic Preservation standards, the state could not remove them altogether. The DLNR actually had to submit a document to the historic preservation division, asking to review the plan.

"There are certain criteria that make certain old features considered historic and whether they're named in a registry," Lowe said. "And those were old and of historic value because of their time served during wartime."

Bliss adds the pillboxes across the state, including Lanikai, are well over 70 years old, so they're all considered historical structures.

Whoever the property owner is - be it the state, city or federal government - if they want to make changes, they can't just get rid of the pillboxes. They'd have to follow historic preservation law.

Over time, the other military installments and defensive works built during the war - like smaller pillboxes built on the beach - were demolished mostly because there was no purpose for them anymore.

"They got rid of the beach ones because they were smaller and prefabricated, so it's easier to take them apart or to move them, essentially just demolish them," Bliss said. "Primarily it's because people didn't want them scattering the beaches."

And then there were others that were taking up valuable land, especially amid a burgeoning population, he added.

But the ones most people are familiar with today due to these popular hikes - like Lanikai, Maili and Koko Crater- were on higher elevations, making them harder to get to and simply not cost effective to remove them.

"Since they weren't bothering anyone, they weren't in anyone's private property, they left them there," Bliss said.

Though these aging structures are becoming dangerous, their historical designation means demolishing them isn't a simple solution. So that leaves just another option: repair them.

That's what one group is advocating for with another beloved hiking trail that quickly garnered attention over the years: The Koko Crater trail.

This trail features approximately 1,050 railroad ties - or steps - to get to the top. Even in the hot and dry climate of East Honolulu, thousands of sweaty hikers - young and old, residents and tourists, families, even former President Barack Obama - still make the arduous trek daily, while huffing and puffing their way up to the top.

What many hikers probably don't think about, however, is what the railway was actually used for.

In 1943, the military installed this tramway specifically to transport materials and personnel to the top of the crater, where there was an observation post and radar installation.

But over time, a number of these ties have been crumbling away due to erosion.

That's why the Kokonut Koalition - a group of avid hikers who banded together to advocate repairs - has been crowdfunding and working with the city's Department of Parks and Recreation, responsible for Koko Head, in coming up with a plan to repair the stairs.

Their hope: Turn it into a rail to trail project, where the rail ties would be replaced with actual steps going up the mountain.

Drew Murphy, president of the Kokonut Koalition, said the project - modeled after the city of Colorado Springs' Manitou Incline project - would involve two steps: stabilizing the trail to prevent further erosion, followed by long-term rehabilitation.

Murphy said his group would've loved to have restored the tracks to their near original historical condition, but given the sheer volume of people who hike the trail daily and having to accommodate the increased traffic, that wasn't a feasible option.

"We like the historical aspects, we like the ambiance, we like the history that's involved," he said. "A preferable way to do it would be to turn it from a rail to a trail."

Murphy said because the tramway is historical, though, the repair project would still have to abide by state laws and would need recommendation on how to approach it.

And furthermore, the existing structures atop the crater - the pillboxes, metal grate platform and tunnel - would absolutely need to be retained and refurbished to their original historical condition, he said.

"We would like to see signage up there, historical signs relating what the history of it was," Murphy said. "We see the history of the place as being very important to our overall goals."

After all, these popular hikes like Koko Head are becoming in a sense like national parks, giving the public something tangible to learn about or remind people about the past, Murphy said.

"It's absolutely a symbol of history. It is history. Living history."

Copyright 2018 Hawaii News Now. All rights reserved.

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Decades later, landmarks on popular Oahu hikes now unintentional symbols of Hawaii's military past

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HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) -Tucked away behind a row of homes in Lanikai lies a narrow dirt path that gradually turns into a steep, rocky incline up the Kaiwa Ridge. Reach the first flat area of the hike and you'll see a small concrete structure off in the distance.

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The Mokuaikaua Church is a significant place for the ahupua'a of Kailua. Its preservation is greatly important to our current day. Mokuaikaua Church, a prominent structure in Kona's Kailua Village, is notable for being the state of Hawaii's first church. When discussing religion in Kailua and the Native Hawaiians that lived there when the church was being built, this is extremely important.

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Photography: Courtesy of David Croxford

Article Written By: Loren Moreno, HONOLULU Magazine
What is it?
A landmark in the Kailua Village in Kona, Moku'aikaua Church enjoys the unique distinction of being Hawai'i's first church. Its 195-year history began when Boston missionaries arrived on the Big Island after the death of King Kamehameha I. The current building sits on land once belonging to Prince Liholiho. In fact, Liholiho donated his home in 1820 to be the first church building. It was later rebuilt in 1837.

Recently named one of America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, Moku'aikaua represents the "new" western architecture of early 19th-century Hawai'i and is a symbol of Hawai'i's missionary past. Its roof and iconic steeple were built with 'ōhi'a wood that had been cured in the ocean. Its walls are constructed of lava rock and mortared coral.
What threatens it?
While far from crumbling, Moku'aikaua is in need of major repair and restoration, says senior pastor David de Carvalho. The church suffered earthquake damage in 2006, including large cracks in the south corner walls, which threaten its structural integrity. Salt air has also caused deterioration in the building's aging wiring and electrical system. Moku'aikaua's steeple, the highest structure in this sleepy community, is perhaps its greatest problem, suffering from termite damage and severe rotting.
What can be done?
Civil engineers are helping the church develop a plan to reinforce the building's walls, replace its rotting beams and rebuild its steeple. Work would be done in three phases, but Moku'aikaua will need some $3 million to do it.

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Photography: Courtesy of David Croxford Article Written By: Loren Moreno, HONOLULU Magazine What is it? A landmark in the Kailua Village in Kona, Moku'aikaua Church enjoys the unique distinction of being Hawai'i's first church. Its 195-year history began when Boston missionaries arrived on the Big Island after

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The popular Lanikai Monument is seen by almost everyone when visiting Kailua. The Lanikai Monument is notable because it marks the entrance and boundary of a quickly expanding real estate project. The monument plays a significant role in Kailua’s history.

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Abstract
The Lanikai Monument is a simple pillar located on a narrow strip of land that is a high point next to the road and that is narrowly bonded to the north and west by Kailua Bay and Kailua town, to the south by low hills, and to the east by the Lanikai residential subdivision. The monument's function was to mark the boundary and entry point of the subdivision of vacation and residential homes, a country club, and a golf course. The Lanikai Monument is significant as a marker defining the boundary of and entry to a rapidly-growing real estate venture. In addition, the monument is significant for its association with the economic and technological growth of the island of Oahu, and for its association to the famed local architect, Hart Wood, who the design is attributed to.

This list of Hawaii's historic properties is provided as a public service by Historic Hawaii Foundation. It is not the official list of properties designated on the Hawaii State Register of Historic Places. For official designations and determinations of eligibility, contact the State Historic Preservation Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawaii at 808-692-8015.

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Address Near 726 Mokulua Drive, Kailua, HI 96734 TMK (1) 4-3-009:001 SHPD Historic Site Number 80-14-9846 Abstract The Lanikai Monument is a simple pillar located on a narrow strip of land that is a high point next to the road and that is narrowly bonded to the north and west by Kailua Bay and Kailua

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The information provided by the Historic Hawaii foundation about the Kaneohe Ranch is important to distinguishing Kailua from the other ahupua'a. The historical significance of the Kaneohe Ranch Building stems from its connections to Kaneohe Ranch as well as its architectural significance as a prime example of the Hawaiian style of building that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. The Kaneohe Ranch Building is significant and plays a large role in Kailua’s history when it comes to land rights.

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Abstract
The Kaneohe Ranch Building is a single story masonry building with a plaster finish. It features a cedar shingled, double-pitched hip roof with overhangs and exposed rafters, and an inset lanai. The building sits on a landscaped lot with an extensive lawn, palms, and lauhala trees. The Kaneohe Ranch Building historically is significant for its associations with Kaneohe Ranch, and architecturally as a good example of the Hawaiian style of architecture developed in the 1920s and 1930s.

This list of Hawaii's historic properties is provided as a public service by Historic Hawaii Foundation. It is not the official list of properties designated on the Hawaii State Register of Historic Places. For official designations and determinations of eligibility, contact the State Historic Preservation Division of the Department of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawaii at 808-692-8015.

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Address Castle Junction, 1199 Auloa Road, Kailua, HI 96734 TMK (1) 4-5-035:003 SHPD Historic Site Number 80-10-1360 National Register of Historic Places #87001150 Abstract The Kaneohe Ranch Building is a single story masonry building with a plaster finish. It features a cedar shingled, double-pitched hip roof with overhangs and exposed rafters, and an inset lanai.

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This website provides information about D. T. Fleming, who was the manager of Honolua Ranch. D. T. Fleming played a large role in the plantation within Honolua Ranch and the types of crops that were planted and grown. He eventually transformed the Ranch into a Plantation that was significant in providing for surrounding communities.

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David Thomas Fleming 1881-1955

October 21, 1881: Born in Scotland to James Wilson and Mary Fleming, one of five children.

November 1889: The Fleming family arrived in Hawaii and made their home at home at Hamakuapoko, Maui, where Mr. James Fleming was to be manager of the dairy Grove Ranch

After completing high school on Maui, David T. Fleming went to stay with his aunt, Mrs. Mackenzie, in Portland, Oregon, where he went to business college for two years.

1902 or 1903: DTF returned to Maui and taught school for about six months. Worked as a timekeeper on the construction of EMI. He was overseer of the gang of men who planted the Norfolk pine trees above Haiku.

1905: About this time, polo became a popular sport among many on Maui. David was welcomed to play because he was good at playing number four on the team. He was good at backhand from either side of the horse, which made him a valuable defensive player.

1906: DTF met Harry Foss (J. Harrison Foss) a young engineer. Harry had invited his sister, Martha, to come and help in the office after she graduated from Stanford University. She and DTF are introduced.

March 4, 1908: David T. Fleming married Martha Foss.

1907 - 1911: Following the completion of Hamakua ditch, DTF became manager of Grove Ranch (under Dee Dee and HP Baldwin) and got his start in the pineapple business. Just before his death in 1911, HP Baldwin appointed DTF manager of his Honolua Ranch, the Baldwin estate on West Maui.

March 4, 1908: David T. Fleming married Martha Foss.

January 1, 1912: DTF became manager of Honolua Ranch, a coffee growing and cattle raising venture.

1912 - 1914.: 40 acres of pineapple were planted. A cannery, office, store, plantation housing, coffee mill and rail were built.

1915: DTF residence at Maka `oi`oi, completed.

1920: Honolua Ranch was renamed Baldwin Packers with DTF remaining as manager of the company. A new cannery at Lahaina was completed.

1923: Baldwin Packers, LTD. was incorporated with DTF named manager.

1915-1931: DTF served as supervisor on Maui County Board of Supervisors.

1933: DTF elected by the Maui County Board of Supervisors to fill the vacancy of chairman following the death of Sam Kalama. He was defeated in the election of 1934.

1939-54: Served as a member of the county parks and playgrounds board; the territorial board of agriculture and forestry; member of the Maunaolu Community College Board of Trustees.

1950: DTF unsuccessfully campaigned to become a Republican senator of the territory of Hawaii.

December 31, 1951: DTF retired at age 70.

January 2, 1952: The Board of Directors of Baldwin Packers, LTD elected him managing director. His son, Bruce L. Fleming, was appointed manager Baldwin Packers, LTD. DTF unsuccessfully campaigned to serve as Maui County Chairman.

1952: DTF built Pu'u mahoe cabin and planted the DT Fleming Arboretum.

March 22, 1955: DT Fleming died in Queens Hospital, Honolulu. Burial took place on March 26, 1955 at Makawao Cemetery.

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David Thomas Fleming 1881-1955 October 21, 1881: Born in Scotland to James Wilson and Mary Fleming, one of five children. November 1889: The Fleming family arrived in Hawaii and made their home at home at Hamakuapoko, Maui, where Mr. James Fleming was to be manager of the dairy Grove Ranch After completing high school on Maui, David T.

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Our Plantation Heritage provides historical information about Honolua Ranch and how the ranch transformed into a plantation. Many surrounding communities depended on the functionality of the plantation and it played a huge role in industrial farming.

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Kapalua Resort honors its plantation heritage by reaching to its past for inspiration. A sense of wellness and sustainability permeates everyday life, illustrated by eco-friendly development practices, pristine natural beauty and holistic farming.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Pineapple production has made a great impact on the ahupua'a of Honolua.

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Fleming Archives photo

D.T. Fleming introduced many varieties of Mango seeking to diversify Maui's agriculture. During Mango season, he would give away his favorite, the Hayden Mango, to all his friends. Consequently, the Hayden was nicknamed "The Fleming Mango." Old-timers still remember this nickname.

Euphence Fleming Vockrodt holds a successfully rooted, air-layered branch from a Mahoe (twin) tree named after its double seed. From the Hawaiian Today feature article (1959).

Volunteers build the Arboretum in 1952

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Fleming Archives photo D.T. Fleming introduced many varieties of Mango seeking to diversify Maui's agriculture. During Mango season, he would give away his favorite, the Hayden Mango, to all his friends. Consequently, the Hayden was nicknamed "The Fleming Mango." Old-timers still remember this nickname.

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The Future of Honolua Bay and Lipoa Point youtube video provides information in addition to valuable visuals that describe the timeline of these two significant areas within the ahupua‘a of Honolua. The timeline helps display how the ahupua‘a has changed over time. The health of the land is highly important to surrounding communities and the health of the life within the water and the land have significant impacts.

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As a prime tourist site, Kailua and its surroundings are susceptible to large amounts of change in the future. Tourism has an overwhelming effect on Kailua and residents and Natives of the region are looking to gate off certain areas to help preserve the future of their land.

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Kailua Residents Long For Past, Worry About Future

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The community is grappling with a number of issues as it grows from a small town to an overcrowded tourist destination.

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Yamaguchi, Melanie. “Decades Later, Landmarks on Popular Oahu Hikes Now Unintentional Symbols of Hawaii's Military Past.” Https://Www.hawaiinewsnow.com, 5 Dec. 2018, https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2018/12/05/decades-later-landmarks-popular-oahu-hikes-now-unintentional-symbols-hawaiis-military-past/.

“[086] Native Fisherman - Kailua,” UHM Library Digital Image Collections, accessed April 10, 2023, https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/show/30794.

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14, Mark says: November, et al. “Honolua Bay.” Maui Guidebook, 11 July 2015, https://mauiguidebook.com/beaches/honolua-bay/#:~:text=Honolua%20means%20%E2%80%9Ctwo%20harbors%E2%80%9D%20in,a%20bit%20from%20the%20beach.

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BOTANICAL AND FAUNAL SURVEY LIPOA POINT, HONOLUA, MAUI . https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Flora_and_Fauna_Survey-Lipoa_Point-Starr-2018.pdf.

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