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The Yom Kippur War begins.

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OPEC embargo announced.

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U.S. aids Israel → oil cutoff.

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Gas lines, rationing, prices soar.

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Israel–Egypt peace step.

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Embargo ends.

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Esprit founded:

Eco & ethical style branding

Esprit was one of the first fashion brands to focus on lifestyle and ethics, not just clothes. Later on, it started campaigns about "real people" and social responsibility, showing that style and values can go together.

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Patagonia founded:

outdoor gear brand with eco mission

Since the beginning, Patagonia has promoted repairing things, reusing things, and respecting nature. It became a leader in sustainable fashion by promoting ideas like using recycled fabrics and organic cotton, and encouraging people to "buy less."

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Organic cotton movement begins in U.S. and Europe

This was the start of trying out cotton that was grown without using toxic pesticides. It became the basis for eco-friendly textiles, encouraging brands and farmers to protect the environment while making clothing.

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The Arab Oil Embargo was a significant event that occurred in 1973–1974. OPEC, an organization made up of several Arab countries that produce a significant amount of the world's oil, decided to stop selling oil to the United States and other countries. This led to a shortage of gas, long lines at gas stations, and high fuel prices. People and governments began to understand how important oil was. In response, the United States created the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in 1975 and passed new fuel economy laws to make cars smaller and more efficient. The crisis also led to more research into solar, wind, and other alternative energy sources. It was important because it was one of the first times people realized that using too much fossil fuel was not sustainable. It showed that the environment, politics, and energy are all connected.