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-macrophage can’t kill pathogen

-macrophage presents a fragment of the antigen to the t cells(killer cells)

-Activated T cells will multiply

-T cells will rush towards the antigen

-T cells adhere to the membrane of the antigen

- T cells destroy the pathogen

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they will start their multiplication based on a specific region

rush towards the cancer cells

adhere to the membrane

perforate them leading to destruction

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B&F

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b f

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E and F

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f and e

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Antibodies are specific

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e and f

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x

x

x

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the antibodies should match the shape of antigens

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2) the shape of the antibody is required to match the antigen

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. Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) that helps the immune system fight off pathogens like viruses and bacteria.

.molecule that the immune system can recognize and that can trigger an immune response.

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1)Antibodies are proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body.

2)An antigen is a molecule that is recognized by the immune system and can trigger an immune response

3) B lymphocytes act through humoral immunity by producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens and protect you from infection by making proteins called antibodies.

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1)proteins secreted by B lymphocytes that protect you when a pathogen enters the body

2)a molecule that triggers an immune response such as the production of antibodies

3)recognition of antigens and pathogens and secretion and production of antibodies

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1- a large, Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralise foreign substances like bacteria and viruses, known as antigens .

2-substance that triggers an immune response, causing the body to produce antibodies against it.

3-producing antibodies that neutralize pathogens, presenting antigens to other immune cells like T cells, and forming memory cells to provide long-term immunity.

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An antibody is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses

An antigen is a substance that can trigger an immune response in the body, typically by causing the production of specific antibodies

B cells neutralize threats by producing antibodies, which bind to and neutralize pathogens like viruses and bacteria

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1. a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen

2. a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies

3. b cells protect you from infection by making proteins called antibodies

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An antigen is any foreign substance that can trigger an immune response in the body, such as a virus, bacterium, or allergen.An antibody is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system that binds specifically to an antigen to help neutralize or destroy antigens.B cells protect you from infection by making proteins called antibodies

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An antibody is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses

a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

B cells act as the body's primary defense by creating antibodies that neutralize pathogens

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An antibody, or immunoglobulin, is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses.

An antigen is a substance that can trigger an immune response in the body, often by causing the production of antibodies.

recognition, activation, proliferation, and differentiation into either antibody-secreting plasma cells or long-lived memory B cells.

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1-An antibody, or immunoglobulin, is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses.

2-An antigen is a substance that can trigger an immune response in the body, often by causing the production of antibodies.

3-recognition, activation, proliferation, and differentiation into either antibody-secreting plasma cells or long-lived memory B cells.

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1)a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances called antigens, such as bacteria and viruses

2)a substance that can trigger an immune response from the body, often by causing the production of antibodies to fight it

3)produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens and foreign substances

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An antibody is a protein produced by B cells that specifically recognizes and binds to antigens, while an antigen is any molecule that can trigger an immune response; B cells mediate immunity primarily by producing antibodies that neutralize or mark antigens for destruction.

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The two types of specific immune responses, or adaptive immunity, are humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies produced by plasma cells (effector B cells), targeting pathogens and toxins in bodily fluids. Cell-mediated immunity is carried out by T lymphocytes, including helper T cells that coordinate immune responses and cytotoxic T cells that directly kill infected or cancerous cells.

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The two types of specific immune responses are cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity (antibody-mediated immunity). Cell-mediated immunity uses T-lymphocytes to directly destroy infected cells, while humoral immunity uses B-lymphocytes to produce antibodies that neutralize and mark pathogens for destruction

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The two types of specific immune responses are humoral immunity, mediated by B cells producing antibodies to neutralize extracellular pathogens and their products, and cell-mediated immunity, involving T cells that directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response

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For extra support, find a overview of the immune system and its responses in this video and answer the related questions.

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students’ progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Act 3 – Immune response quiz

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Join a game of kahoot here. Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform that makes it fun to learn – any subject, in any language, on any device, for all ages!

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Watch the video on edpuzzle, answer the questions and then write one information that you caught in mind about the B cells.

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Easily create beautiful interactive video lessons for your students you can integrate right into your LMS. Track students’ progress with hassle-free analytics as you flip your classroom!

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Choose the antibody (ies) that can neutralize the given antigen.

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Conduct an online research in pairs to:

Define an antibody

Define an antigen

Indicate the mode of action of B cells.

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By referring to the table below:

a.Match each antigen with the antibody(ies) that it can bind to.

b.Deduce a property for the antibodies.

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Interpret the results of the experiments on the worksheet and then share your answers with the team.

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Read the given text in the worksheet and answer the below questions.

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Read the text individually then list the steps of activation of T cells on your copybook.

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Search online for the two types of specific immune responses and the effectors of each.

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Advanced students can read an article about recent discoveries in T cells research.

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World’s first CAR-T cell therapy for a child with lupus

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“One year after the treatment, I feel as good as I did before my diagnosis, except for a few colds,” says Uresa A. today. In June 2023, Uresa (who was 15 years old at the time) received CAR-T cells at…

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On your copybook, draw a concept map about the immune responses, it should include the different types of immune responses, the effectors of each type and their targeted cells.

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For extra support and practice review the basics of immune system through this interactive online game

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Quiz: Immune System (for Kids) - KidsHealth

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Take this quiz about the immune system, the system that keeps you healthy.