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Genetics lab

Plant tissue culturing lab

Timber production

Secondary forest

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Secondary forest, used to be a quarry

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Borneo kauri, a type of conifer

These types of tree will produce resin when injured

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Used in plant tissue culturing

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Growing whole plants from pieces of plant tissue like shoot.

Grown in sterile environment before being introduced to outside environment.

Used for the mass production of plants

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Beehive with worker bees

Worker bees are female while male bees rest in hive

They are able to find their hive due to the scent of the queen bee

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During heavy wind, branches of outside of the tree crown will crash into each other. Trees with weak branches will have their outer branches break, forming empty spaces between the tree crowns.

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Lives inside wood of trees

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• Keystone species

• Pollinated by wasps which enter from opening from the underside of the figs, and lays eggs inside the fig.

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Shallow roots caused by erosion of soil when land is used as a quarry

Tree falls during a heavy storm due to the shallow roots.

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• Nocturnal

• Glides from tree to tree

• Child clings tightly onto the underside of the parent

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Roots from a tree that will try to reach the ground in search of nutrients

Those that reach the ground will become harder and tougher

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• Declining numbers due to invasive species like Changeable lizard

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Secondary forest; More disturbed as it used to be a village for Hainan people

Evidence: ornamentals, fruit trees, ruins

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• Venomous

• Can stay in one place for days, especially after a meal

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Plantain Squirrel

• Omnivores; Can eat things other than nuts like birds

• Orange-red chest and blank stripes along its sides

Rubber (hevea brasiliensis)

• Invasive species from Brazil

• Important for economic purposes like car tyres

• Declining in demand due to synthetic rubber

• The phloem tissue gives out latex, which is best harvested when the tree is 6-7 years old.

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• Commonly found near clear water bodies

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• Can differentiate between them by the feeling of the leaves as cempedak leaves are hairier

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• Looks like centipede to confuse predators (mimicry)

• Bright colours to appear less attractive to predators

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Durian tree

• White flowers that open at night

• Pollinated by bats due to strong smell

• Red flowers attract birds

• Blue flowers attract insects as they can see ultraviolet better

Bird nest fern

• Epiphyte, grows on a tree to get more water and nutrients, but does not harm the tree

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• Produce palm oil when squeezed, which is used for economic purposes

• Countries like Malaysia produces lots of palm oil due to palm tree plantations

• Fruit will turn from black to red when ripe

• Tree can grow to more than 30 feet in adulthood, and can live for about many decades

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Leaves can be used as shelter from rain

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Experience canopy layer compared to understory

Canopy layer is:

More quiet (no insects)

Hotter

Higher light intensity

No bird songs->No birds

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Population of trees produce massive amount of flowers over large areas

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Due to its sausage-like fruit

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Primary and secondary forests

Tin-mining in 1890s

Transformed into resort in 1919-1922

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Produces deep and resonant sound

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Very rare bird as can appear anywhere for only a few months

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Non-vascular plant

Grows close to ground as it does not have xylem or phloem

Can be sporophyte or gametophyte

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Males are much smaller than female

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Sounds of animals at night compared to day

More peaceful, less light pollution and different sounds compared to city

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History of Fraser’s Hill

Types of birds

Biology of a bird

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Used to be more but was removed