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https://www.whsd.net/userfiles/1441/Classes/54973/DOCUMENTARY%20FILM%20TECHNIQUESx.pdf

http://www.internationalschoolhistory.net/documentary/guide.htm

https://ctlsites.uga.edu/nvgf/ethans-article/#:~:text=The%20voice%20over%20is%20a,the%20mind%20of%20a%20character.

https://englishmindariesc.weebly.com/documentary.html

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This is another type of technique that is commonly used in Documentaries. Actuality is basically raw footage of actual real life events and people instead of fictional ones with actors, scripts and sets. Commonly in Documentaries, both fictional and actuality is combined. I could use this type of technique in my own work. Aesthetics is commonly taken into account when filmmakers are using the Actuality technique. An Actuality is the opposite of fictional film such as re-enactments due to the fact that it consists of only real life events. I think that I could use this in my future film making to inform the audience more on the topic of my documentary, or to prove to them that this is a proper issue. For example, if my documentary was about climate change, I could add in new clips of things happening around the world, like glaciers melting, heatwaves, etc. This will make the audience more interested, and it will give them some background information too on my topic, and make the documentary more interesting. I could make a short montage too of just news clips or some other clips shot by people.

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http://www.jefforlowski.com/biography#:~:text=Filmmaker%20Jeff%20Orlowski%20served%20as,winning%20production%20company%20Exposure%20Labs.

https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/celebritytalentbios/Jeff+Orlowski/392155

https://www.unenvironment.org/championsofearth/laureates/2017/jeff-orlowski

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Another popular film making technique that I can use is a re-enactment. A re-enactment is scenes that are basically reconstructed based on information. For example, in the documentary, there are many re-enactments on Discrimination in the US. It is easy for the audience to recognise re-enactments due to the fact that they normally have lots of techniques used in it like blurring, distortion, lighting, camera level, etc. Re-enactments normally gives the viewer a big sense of realism, and sometimes they are used to make the viewer understand the points more clearly. Re-enactments can be funny, entertaining powerful, etc. This type of technique is the most expensive one in documentary film making currently. I think that I could use this technique in my future film making by using re-enactments to provide for information, and make the audience understand what I am saying better. For example, I could use a re-enactment as an example. I could get some actors and give them a script, and shoot the re-enactment is the way that I want it to be done. For example, if my documentary was about climate change then I could make a re-enactment about a heat-wave at school, or something similar to the problems people face with climate change.

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One popular film making technique that I can use is the voice-over technique.  A voice-over is either a film-maker speaking while the camera is filming something else, or it is an added track in editing. A voice-over normally speaks to the audience and can be used to communicate many things, such as giving explanations, information, different opinions, etc. The narrators job is to support  whatever is being seen by the viewer. This type of film technique is commonly used in every single genre. Filmmakers use this technique to show the mind of a character, tell stories, increase tension, etc. A voice over is simple for the audience to understand and it also doesn't "ask to audience to hold one more then one thought at once." I think this is a very useful technique to use in a documentary, and I think I could use this in my future filmmaking to give the audience some background information, and also help the audience understand better on whats going on. It could be used for my introduction to my documentary, or it could be used at the very end, to conclude. Additionally it can also be used in the middle to tell the audience what is currently going on, or what is going to happen. A voice over can also be used in my documentary when I am showing re-enactments, stock videos, etc.

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Jeff Orlowski is a director, producer and cinematographer. He lives in Colorado. He has won the Emmy award twice and he is the founder of "Exposure Labs" which is a production company. Its goal is to use storytelling to create impact. His latest film is called The Social Dilemma which is going to be shown at the Sundance Film Festival this year. Orlowski has been a director and film maker for a variety of short films and online commercial work. Some of his clients have been Apple, Stanford University,  Blackboard, etc. Additionally some of his works have been on CNN, New York Times, National Geographic, Time Magazine, etc. One of his successful documentaries which was climate focused is called Chasing Ice. Is has screened in over 172 countries, 75 film festivals, 70 universities, the UN and the white house.

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an American filmmaker. She directed the feature documentaries After Tiller, The Departure, and Miss Americana.[1] The first two films were nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary.

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Filmmaker Jeff Orlowski served as director, producer, and cinematographer of the Sundance Award-Winning films, Chasing Ice and Chasing Coral.  He is a two-time Emmy-Award winning filmmaker, and founder of the award-winning production company Exposure Labs. His latest film, The Social Dilemma is premiering at this year’s Sundance Film Festival.

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Stock, historical, or archival footage? Of what?
One example of Historical and Archival footage being used in the Documentary is at the beginning when it shows a news channel talking about Surveillance Capitalism, ISIS, White supremacists, Internet Lynch Mobs in India, Reporters talking about fake news, COVID-19, etc. This is all at the beginning, and right after it finishes, the name of the Documentary (The Social Dillema) comes up.

Re-enactment? Of what?
There is a re-enactment of a normal family that has an addicted son (Ben) and an addicted daughter (Isla). In the re-enactment, the older sister (Cassandra) and the mother wants both Ben and Isla to stop using their phones so much as they are addicted. The mother first starts off with taking their phones away when they are having dinner. After that, she make a bet with Ben that if he doesn't touch his phone for an entire week then she will fix his broken screen. He soon finds out that he can't go without his phone for a week. Meanwhile Isla is facing her own problems as people are making fun of her online. This re-enactment really shows that being addicted can affect you both mentally and socially. Afterwards, Ben goes to a protest and ends up getting arrested wrongfully, which shows the audience that bad things can also happen to you when you are extremely addicted.

Narrator / voice-over? Who is telling the story?
There are many different people telling the story. It is mainly a lot of experts that give their own point of view, and they narrate and times and sometimes they use a voice over. They all take turns through-out the film to give their own story.

Scripted dialogue? Who wrote the lines, i.e., who was really speaking?
The people being interviewed  were speaking with no script. None of the dialogue was scripted because they were giving their own personal stories and point of view the entire time. The only time that there was scripted dialogue was when they cut to TedTalks by Tristan, people at meetings, and the re-enactments. I think that for the TedTalk, Tristan wrote the lines himself, and the same goes for the scenes with people at meetings talking about the topic. However, for the re-enactment, I think that the people who wrote the lines for them were experts like Tristan, Tim and possibly also the Director, Jeff Orlowski. This was because they wanted the re-enactment to mean something, and show how being addicted to this type of technology can affect a family, and the people addicted themselves.

Conversational dialogue? Who was speaking?
There was conversational dialogue, mainly in the re-enactments in the documentary. The conversational dialogue was between the family, when they were discussing about no phones during dinner, the bet the mom made with Ben,  Isla talking to her mother, etc. Additionally there was Conversation dialogue when Ben was talking to the girl he liked. Additionally when Ben was practising his TedTalk there was some dialogue, since he asked the stage manager if it was good. Lastly, there is conversational dialogue between the AI where they discuss what they will do to make Ben go back on his phone and use it again. There are also bits where the interviewer asks the different experts some questions too.

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Valli began her career as an advertising copywriter with McCann Erickson and Foote Cone & Belding Ulka. She launched, among other brands, Tropicana, LML Bikes, Radisson, Habanos Cigars in India, conceptualizing, scripting and creating ad campaigns for them. A travel bug within, led her on a detour to the then start-up makemytrip.com which she helped launch as Content Manager. Soon feeling the need to give her writing a more dynamic life Valli stepped back into the realm of film, making her first documentary feature SuryaGanga.

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With subject(s) of film? Who are these subjects?
There were no interviews with the subjects in the film, however there still were subjects in the documentary, which is mainly the family, who re-enact what it is like for the kids when they are addicted, to their phones and how it affects all of them individually. The subjects are Skyler Gisondo (Ben, the son who is addicted to his phone), Kara Hayward (Cassandra, who isn't addicted and tries to stop her brothers addiction),  Sophia Hammons (Isla, the girl that is extremelly addicted to her phone), Barbara Gehring (the mom), and Chris Grundy (the step-dad)

With experts? Who (or what profession)?
There are many different experts in the documentary who are interviewed and give their own point of view. However, the main ones  are Tim Kendall (Former President of Pinterest), Tristan Harris (Co-founder and President for Centre for Humane Technology) and Jaron Lanier (Computer scientist and philosophy writer),

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A director, producer, writer, marketer and film distributor, Ava DuVernay made her feature film debut with the documentary This in the Life (2008), a history on hip hop movement that flourished in Los Angeles in the 1990's. This was followed by series of television music documentaries which included My Mic Sounds Nice (2010) which aired on BET. (IMDB)