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Dodziuk, H. (2016). Applications of 3D printing in healthcare. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska. Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 13(3), 283 - 293. doi: 10.5114/Fkitp.2016.62625

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Why is 3D printing beneficial?

Patient specific models

better fit, less pain, less complications

surgical practice on patient specific anatomy

nursing and medical education with anatomically correct models; can possibly replace cadavers

Dodziuk, H. (2016). Applications of 3D printing in healthcare. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska. Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 13(3), 283 - 293. doi: 10.5114/Fkitp.2016.62625

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What is 3D printing?

3D printing is an additive process by which material is printed layer by layer using a computer aided design (CAD) program.

Traditional printing of models utilizes a subtractive process where material is cut away to create the design. (think clay modeling)

3D printing is ideal for hollow models and can be personalized for each individual patient's anatomy using CT and MRI scans to provide the data for the CAD programs.

Dodziuk, H. (2016). Applications of 3D printing in healthcare. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska. Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 13(3), 283 - 293. doi: 10.5114/Fkitp.2016.62625
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5071603/

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Barnatt, C. (2016, March 12). Medical 3D printing. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y87RmyBxKic

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A review of medical 3D printing, including 3D printed medical models, dental appliances, hearing aid shells, other prosthesis, and future bioprinting possibilities. More videos on 3D printing and other future-related topics can be found at: http://www.youtube.com/explainingthefuture You may also like my ExplainingComputers channel at: http://www.youtube.com/explainingcomputers The Stratasys dental images included in this video are included with explicit permission from Stratasys.

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The NIH has set up an open source website to exchange ideas and techniques about 3D printing applications in healthcare.
https://3dprint.nih.gov/

NIH 3D Print Exchange. (2014, February 6).

Terry Yoo talks 3d printers at the NIH. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EGQcYw8THw

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Uploaded by NIH 3D Print Exchange on 2014-02-07.

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What are the challenges to using 3D printing?

consistent print technique and duplicative models. Currently, printing is not regulated, so the quality of the models depends on the manufacturer.

Length of time to produce a product. Current techniques require long lead time to produce a patient specific product. This cannot be used urgently.

Lack of FDA approval for many products.

Ethical considerations. There is some thought that this technology can be used to create super humans, especially when utilizing biological printing substances.

Paxton, N., Powell, S. K., Woodruff, M. A. (2016). Biofabrication: The future of regenerative medicine. Techniques in Orthopedaedics, 31(3),  190 - 203.

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Implications Nursing Informatics
3D printing can be applied to nursing in patient care, patient education and nursing education. The models are currently used in physician residency training programs to aid in surgical practice. With continuing research in bioprinting, the models have more life like feel and consistency of real tissue. These models can be used in the same way with nursing education.

Hseih, T., Dedhia, R., Cervenka, B. & Tollefson, T. T. (2017). 3D printing: Current use in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology,  25(4),  291 - 299. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000373

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Why is it needed in healthcare?

high cost of implants, prostheses

high cost of anatomic models

patient customization and improvement in quality

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Hseih, Dedhia, Cervenka and Tollefson (2017) reported a small study in which 3D models were used to create mandibular reconstruction plates. "The group treated with 3D printed prebent plates demonstrated significantly better postoperative facial contour symmetry (p<0.05) than the group treated with intraoperative bent plates" (Hesiah, Dedhia, Cervenka, & Tollefson, 2017, p. 293)

Hseih, T., Dedhia, R., Cervenka, B. & Tollefson, T. T. (2017). 3D printing: Current use in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology,  25(4),  291 - 299. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000373

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3D technology has exciting applications in healthcare. Research on biofabrication “the marriage of 3D printing with tissue engineering” (Paxton, Powell, & Woodruff, 2016, p. 190) can change nursing care. Think about a world with skin grafts that could potentially have an antimicrobial component. Decreased wound infections would result. Implants that are patient specific would result in less pain, more function and decreased length of stay due to quicker recovery time. The ability to create patient specific models for less cost would mean more anatomic models for all students and would enhance learning. More access to simulation not only in schools but in the hospital for inpatient nurses would keep the staff up to date and more engaged in continuous learning.

Paxton, N., Powell, S. K., Woodruff, M. A. (2016). Biofabrication: The future of regenerative medicine. Techniques in Orthopedaedics, 31(3),  190 - 203.