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“To return to the agricultural past, as some thinkers about the beginning of the 20th century dreamed of doing, was not a practical solution.” (pg 534, ebook)

This could not be more true. Fighting against automation is an suicide battle. It’s this simple: if the rest of the world is automating and you don’t keep up, you will be snuffed out one way or another. While the automated nations’ production output skyrockets and your nation is left behind for clinging to the old ways, your nation will be unable to compete. If you don’t fail the needs of your citizens and are able to produce enough for a surplus, you will not be seen as a viable trading partner, even if you have rare commodities. This is because your nation will be light years behind others. And if your commodities are extremely enticing to the other nations, your country will become conquered instead of traded with. You will not have a matched military to a country that is able to mass produce. Your country one way or another will eventually become automated, even if conquered and not by choice

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"The terrible thing that the Party had done was to persuade you that mere impulses, mere feelings, were of no account, while at the same time robbing you of all power over the material world." (165)
The Party was able to persuade the minds of many and convince them that the Party's way was the only way. The Party established complete control in the society and controlled every aspect of the lives of those in their control. Citizens were constantly watched and kept track of. The Party was able to get so deeply ingrained in people's consciousness that they were able to get them to believe that their feelings and impulses that they felt were meaningless and unimportant. People became mindless followers that did not question anything.
This reminds me of people who blindly follow their parents and do not learn to think for themselves. Though parents serve as influences for youth, one must not base everything they believe in the foundation of their parents beliefs. I believe that it is extremely important to learn to think for yourself and shape your own beliefs on what you learn and absorb from the world.

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If it once became general, wealth would confer no distinction. It is possible, no doubt, to imagine a society in WEALTH, in the sense of personal belongings and luxuries, should be evenly distributed, while POWER remained in the hands of a small privileged caste. But in practice such a society could not remain stable.” oh 518 (eBook version)

This is by far my favorite section of 1984, in which Orwell writes the book within his book. He is basically arguing that in a true utopian society, in which all people were educated and needs met, there would be no way to separate the ruling elite from the masses, and therefore they would not be able to remain in power. I find it interesting when you add the dynamic of how Oceania maintains that said power.
Orwell explains that in the future, in the supernation  of Oceania, almost all production is either automated or outsourced. Human labor, especially in the mainland, is not really required. With their production output and prosperity, Oceania has an extreme surplus and could easily provide a comfortable lifestyle to ALL citizens. Yet if that were to happen, you’d see the issue that the ruling class would face: they would become obsolete.
The most fascinating thing is HOW Oceania keeps its citizens poor: To begin with, the country exhausts it’s surplus fighting an endless war, all the while gaining capital and resources from fighting the war. Oceania also keeps the citizens extremely busy by giving them odd jobs (the equivalent of teachers giving busy work) in order to make the citizens feel useful and to keep them from having too much time to think.
Orwell is a genius, having seen a realistic path the future could take with so much clarity.

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"It's the one thing they can't do. They can make you say anything - anything - but they can't make you believe it. They can't get inside you" (167).

No matter how hard the people of the government try to mind control the citizens of the population they will not have complete control. Through forceful means Big Brother was able to obtain control over the people through instilling fear and creating punishments for those that opposed them. This is how they were able to get the citizens to do what they wanted and say what they wanted them to. But one thing they were not able to do is get the citizens to think the way that they do. It is impossible to force someone to believe in something that you think without them agreeing with it.
Towards the end of the book Winston is brainwashed into believing what the party wants him to. He was able to hold out for awhile, until his biggest fear was used against him.

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"He knew that he was starving the other two, but he could not help it; he even felt that he had a right to do it. The clamorous hunger in his belly seemed to justify him" (134)

Winston was very much aware of his actions. In spite of this, he knew that he couldn't and shouldn't do anything about it. While the pain of starvation within his mom and younger sister appeared to be something that wasn't pleasant, he felt extremely at ease and gained satisfaction. He only cared enough for himself.

This really goes on to prove that there are certain situations that can bring out the worst in people. In Winston's case, he let his mom and younger sister suffer in hunger. His selfishness shined through. It brought out a side of him that he wasn't necessarily proud of, but somehow managed to accept his behavior.

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"she only questioned the teachings of the Party when they in some way touched upon her own life. Often she was ready to accept the official mythology, simply because the difference between truth and falsehood did not seem important to her" (127)

The quote implies that Julia would often wonder and ponder on the rulings of the Party only when it directly had an impact on her. Despite the fact that there were often questions and a sense of uncertainty that surrounded the atmosphere, she learned to embrace it and to not interfere with anything. By doing so, it enabled her to continue to live her way of life in Oceania and not stir up any possible commotion.

This goes to show readers the effect that the Party has on the general population of Oceania. Through the teachings and ways of life that are implemented throughout the Party, those who might have not been following at first hand will soon be obligated to do so. Additionally, it displays how much of an influence Big Brother has on them. This connects to real life as well. It has been an alarming trend, especially among American citizens, to be concerned with or even know about issues that only directly affect them. Unfortunately, Julia, and extension American citizens, are making these issues worse by not addressing them.

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"He had the sensation of stepping into the dampness of a grave, and it was not much better because he had always known that the grave was there and waiting for him."' (160)

In this chapter, Winston is able to meet and speak to O'Brien. Although it is brief, O'Brien invites Winston over to his house. Nervous and excited, Winston is apprehensive about O'Brien's invitation. Winston has been waiting for this moment for his life, however, he knows that if he chooses to go to O'Brien's house, it will lead him to the Ministry of Love and eventually to death. Winston has already "'[stepped] into the dampness of a grave" many times before, and he realizes when making the decision that he will die eventually. Death is inevitable; although Winston knows that accepting the invitation will be his fate, he accepts it anyway since he realizes that he can't avoid death.

If you are born on this Earth, you will die on this Earth. Death is inevitable. Winston knows that his fate is coming, so he accepts that it is going to happen. Since the day he first committed his first thoughtcrime, Winston knew that his fate would happen. Like Winston, we all know that we are going to be born, live, and die on this Earth. We don't know exactly when, but when death does come upon us, we will know. That is why we should take risks in life; without risks, life is boring. However, taking risks can determine our fate, but risks make life more exciting and eventful.

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"Not merely the love of one person, but the animal instinct, the simple undifferentiated desire: that was the force that would tear the Party to pieces." (127)

At this time in the story, Winston encounters a dark-haired girl who he deems as a spy. He is afraid the Party is spying on him to see if he will commit a crime. The girl reveals her name to be Julia and that she is not here to harm Winston. In fact, she takes off her Junior Anti-Sex League Sash and provokes Winston to become aroused. The action of her removing her clothes symbolizes the "animal instinct" of men and the drive they have for sex when presented with this image. Julia also confesses to Winston that she has had multiple affairs with different men from the Party demonstrating that her actions can indefinitely cause mayhem within the Party. When we are driven by instinct, we do not think about the consequences that can occur. Even though he is driven by instinct, Winston is not guilty of committing this sex crime because he is not the only Party member who has had pleasure with Julia. If the party were to try and arrest him, they would also have to arrest other members of the Party who have had sexual pleasure with Julia and cause the Party to "be [torn] in pieces".

There have been many times in history where instinct and desire have torn societies apart. For example, when the Mongols invaded China, they not only took over control of the country politically, but also socially. As they made their way through the country, they raped millions of women. This action from the Mongols destroyed China because these were innocent women who had to suffer from the wants and desires of aroused men. This can be paralleled in 1984 because if you commit a crime, the Party will punish you for your actions. This also may not only stir up controversy within the Party, but it will also cause the Party to split into the people who believe that you committed a crime versus the people who believe you are innocent.