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-begin as embryos in amniotic eggs
-uses an egg tooth to break out of shell
-grow slowly until reaching adult size
-reproduce sexually
-female leaves the eggs to hatch alone
-varied life spans

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-internal fertilization
-release eggs
-embryo is nourished by a yolk sac
-many species give no care to their eggs or young
-either scatter their eggs or tangle them among plants
-reproduction cycle is different for different species
-some change sex among lifetie

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-no parental are after birth
-guard their eggs
-fertilization is internal
-usually a live birth
-rapacious carnivores
-rays and skates live near the bottom of the ocean

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-born from an egg
-protected and kept warm by the process of incubation after they are born
-nestlings- little or no features
-fledglings-  begin to feed themselves but still need parents
-courtship- migrate if need
nesting- couple will make a nest
mating- after nest is complete, female lays eggs

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-nearly all mammals give birth to live young
-born or hatched out of an egg
-lay eggs when ready to start a family
-born, grow, reproduce, diw
-gestation period- grown inside a mother

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For  iguana:
-jowl
-caudal crest
-dorsal crest
-parietal ear
-dewlap
-tail
-sub tympanic scale

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-overlapping scales
-lateral line
-pectoral fin
-pelvic fin
-branchiostegal rays
-caudal fin
-nares
-operculum

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-nostril and snout
-labial furrows
-gill openings
-clasper in males
-caudal keel
-multiple fins

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-skull
-feet
-scales
-beak
-lack a bladder
-furcula
-sternum

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-mammary glands
-middle ear bones
-hair
-backbone
-nerocortex

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testudines- turtles
squamata- lizards and snakes
crocodilia- alligatoes and crocodiles

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ray finned fish- spines that protrude into the fin for support
lobe finned fish- fins that are supported by skeletal extensions
lung fish- ability to gulp air into lung sacs connected to the digestive system but mainly use gills for gas exchange

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sharks- heterocercal tail, 5 to 7 gill slits and a rounded body tapered at both ends
batoids- flattened body with extended pectoral fins fused to the head
hoolocephalans- bottom dwellers, large head and eyes with a long slender tail

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preying birds- predators, kill mice and small animals with hook like beak, curved feet and pointed claw
perching birds- largest group, sit on tree and don't fall off
flightless birds- can run but not fly, usually large and generally lack tail feathers. absent of a sternum
game birds- wings are short and round but have large legs, strong beaks with aggressive males

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monotremes- lay eggs but have low body temperature
marsupials- "pouched mammals" give live birth
placental mammals- have a placenta which facilitates the exchange of nuteients/waste from mother to young

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Basics of Bony Fishes (Most Fishes) - Koaw Lesson 3

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This video covers what MOST fish have in common as far as morphological features. NEED TO KNOW STUFF! Fishes. Nature. Love. Chaos. That's the core essence of Koaw. Educating while entertaining! Thank you for watching!

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Watch now: Up Close & Natural | What is a Bird? | New Hampshire PBS Video

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A pigeon, a great horned owl, loons, and a great blue heron illustrate what birds have in common and how they've adapted to their environments. Watch online: What is a Bird? from Up Close & Natural. On demand, streaming video from New Hampshire PBS

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-have a backbone
-produce eggs
-have scales or scutes
-cold blooded so they cannot control their internal body temperature
-lungs
-3 chambered heart except for crocodiles and alligators
-most are tetrapods
-have claws on toes
-lack external ears but ear drum inside

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-calcified skeleton
-hinged jaw
-gill slits
-operculum to pump water across gills
-swim bladders for buoyancy
-otoliths in ear to help sense of equilibrium
-smooth scales

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-have skeleton made of cartilage instead of bone
-paired fins and nostrils
-2 chambered hearts
-have gill slits
-not have swim bladders
-placoid scales or dermal teeth
-spiracle- opening on both sides of the head behind eyes to help them bury into sand and pump water through gill chamber

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-feathers
-beak
-lays eggs
-wings
-have scales on feet and legs
-lightweight skeleton
-warm blooded
-lungs

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-have hair on their bodies
-produce milk to nurse their young with mammary glands
-"warm blooded" can regulate their own body temperature
-have a backbone or spine
-have diaphragms
-4 chambered heart