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DAS - Developmental Apraxia of Speech
Verbal Dyspraxia

CAS - Childhood apraxia of speech

AOS- Acquired Apraxia of speech

Apraxia

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Genetic disorders

Stroke or brain injury

unknown

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1.) Conception 2.) Language 3.) Translation 4.) Production

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(CAS) is a motor speech disorder. Child cannot properly coordinate the parts of the body necessary to produce understandable speech. The child knows what he or she wants to say, but has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements to say those words. (four parts of speech). (demonstration)

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A Very Young Child

delayed sounds

Only a few different consonant and vowel sounds

Problems combining sounds

replacing difficult sounds with easier ones

An Older Child

Makes inconsistent sound errors

difficulty imitating speech

groping

Is hard to understand

stresses the wrong syllable or word

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-  ADHD or ADD
- ASD
- SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder)
-  nonverbal learning disability
- Other expressive language disorders
- neurological problems (prenatal stroke, seizures)

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Any SPL can treat CAS

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certified-SLP with knowledge and experience with CAS conducts an evaluation.

assess the child's oral-motor abilities, melody of speech, and speech sound development.

The SLP can diagnose CAS by ruling out other speech disorders.

An oral-motor assessment

Intonation assessment

articulation assessment involves:

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children cannot progress without the APPROPRIATE treatment.

- frequent intensive therapy (3-5 times per week)
- SLP that has knowledge and experience treating CAS

- Use multi-sensory feedback, (tactile "touch" cues and visual cues, auditory)

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Receptive ability

Singing and musicality

Non-verbal communication

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connected speech

- melody of speech
- difficulty organizing and coordinating fine motor skills too.

- Reading and writing

- self confidence...may have withdrawn from taking risks with their speech.

- Delayed language

- have difficulties with functional vision.

tracking from left to right,

refocusing rapidly from near to far and then back again

- Difficulty crossing the mid-line (effects writing)

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Speech Language Pathologist
Pediatric Neurologist

Geneticist

Occupational Therapist

Physical Therapist

Psychologist
Optometrist

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Typically attend a regular, preschool with supportive services.

- As child approaches kindergarten, placement is reconsidered.

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"In the school setting, classroom teachers are a readily available resource for carryover practice collaboration" (Hammer, 2009).

1.)Use strategies and techniques learned in therapy in the classroom.

Example: multi-sensory feedback, such as cues, and auditory feedback.

2.)Make sure the student has "total communication"

Examples: Alternate forms of communication include communication books, drawing systems, and gestural systems.

3.)Teacher Collaboration

Example: Therapist should conduct one on one therapy  in the classroom setting as well as in a therapy room.

4.)Child participation in class activities through inclusion

Example: Choral Reading (students could read passages chorally as a class)

5.) Help student with missed time
Example: flipped classroom

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https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech
https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ChildhoodApraxia.htm

Shriberg, L. D., Strand, E. A., Fourakis, M., Jakielski, K. J., Hall, S. D., Karlsson, H. B., & ... Wilson, D. L. (2017). A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: I. Development and Description of the Pause Marker. Journal Of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 60(4), S1096-S1117. doi:10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0296