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Conflict between the Western nations (including the United States, Great Britain, France and other countries) and the Communist Eastern bloc (led by the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics or USSR) began almost as soon as the guns fell silent at the end of World War II (1939-45).
In 1949, the prospect of further Communist expansion prompted the United States and 11 other Western nations to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Soviet Union and its affiliated Communist nations in Eastern Europe founded a rival alliance, the Warsaw Pact, in 1955.

http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/formation-of-nato-and-warsaw-pact

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McCarthyism was the practice of making accusations of treason without the proper regard to evidence.It was created in the 1950's by Republican Senator of Wisconsin Joseph McCarthy he produced a series of investigations and hearings during the 1950's on supposed communist infiltration in the US government.The term has now become a byname for defamation of character or reputation by the means widely basing on indiscriminate allegations or a not supported charge.
Sources:
Achter, Paul J. “McCarthyism.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 14 Mar. 2017, www.britannica.com/topic/McCarthyism.

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After the democratic United States and communist Soviet Union engaged in political and economical clashes known as the cold war during the late 1940s and early 1950s, caused the United States to have concerns because of the communist inside of America, they thought they were actively working as soviet spies and pose a threat to U.S. security. "Such ideas were not totally unfounded. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had long carried out espionage activities inside America with the aid of U.S. citizens, particularly during World War II." The soviet union did frighten the U.S. because they had people in America helping them.

History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare#,
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare

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During the cold war the beginning of the space race and the arms race began. Another race that occurred is the nuclear arms race. The Cold War consisted of nuclear missiles, "By the end of the 1950s, each of the two superpowers had intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) capable of striking the other's homeland" (Lind 99). During the cold war The countries struggled to become the "best". Countries tried to have the best nuclear weapons and the best technology in the war. Along with the most advanced space technology.

Lind, Michael. "Cold War." Encyclopedia of U.S. Political History, edited by Thomas S. Langston, vol. 6: Postwar Consensus to Social Unrest, 1946 to 1975, CQ Press, 2010, pp. 96-103. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=stev76221&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX1364500035&asid=338815958552886760f748158288c579. Accessed 13 Nov. 2017.