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A large ship was washed far into shore and left behind when the water recieded back. 

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A large ship was washed far into shore and left behind when the water recieded back. 

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Over 134 countries offered to provide financial aid to help in the rebuilding of the Japanese coastline. As well, 39 international organizations gathered funds and relief aid to help rebuild. Japan's finance minister said that there would be an extra 50 billion Yen required for relief efforts and those funds not received through donations may need to be paid off through increased taxes on Japanese citizens in the future.

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Due to the nature of the fault line and the slick clay lining around it, this area has been labelled as a high risk area and is one of the most carefully monitored fault lines in the world. The area has more advanced sensors and warning systems in place for the future. If an event like this was to happen again in the future then the people of Japan would be very well informed and would hopefully be able to evacuate before it was too late.

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After the earthquake, a large tsunami raced outward from the epicenter at roughly 800 km/h and struck the coasts of Japan with waves as tall as 128 ft (39m), 11-12 ft high off the coast of Hawaii, 5f ft tall along the cost of Shemya and lastly a 9 ft wave hit the shore of California and Oregon hours later. A detailed picture of the waves path/strength to the right
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On March 11th, 2011, A magnitude 9 Earthquake occurred off the coast of Northeastern Japan unleashing a large Tsunami

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On March 11th, 2011, A magnitude 9 Earthquake occurred off the coast of Northeastern Japan unleashing a large Tsunami

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A map showing the severity of the shaking felt by the citizens of the area. 

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A map showing the severity of the shaking felt by the citizens of the area. 

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The tsunami travelled across the Pacific ocean reaching Hawaii, Chili and Alaska. In Chili (17,000 km away) waves still reached shore at roughly 2 m (6.6 ft) high.
Due to the melt down at the Fukushima plant, the cities power grid has been shut down and lots of factories and businesses were shut down.
Because of a risk of radiaoctive exposure,  an 18 mile "no-fly zone" was created around the plant as well as a 12.5 mile evacuation zone.

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The Fukushima Power Plant experienced a great failure in the cooling causing it to over heat and create a level 7 meltdown.
In mid April, the Japanese nuclear regulators raised the severity of the damage and danger from a level 5-7. It was once originally thought the area in the 12.5 mile surrounding evacuation zone would be uninhabitable for decades, but it was discovered that after a few months it was safe for residents to return to their homes. Even though it was safe, some did not want to return fearing the consequences of radiation exposure.
As well, it is estimated that when the water rushed back out into the sea, it carried nearly 5 million tons of debris into the ocean. These items range in size from small household items to entire ships. They can be both hazardous for marine life and other ships on the ocean. Items have been washing up on surrounding shore lines for the following years and it is predicted that items will continue to wash up.

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Japan's Meteorology Agency came under heavy fire after they were criticized for issuing a response that didn't accurately portray the size and destructive potential of the wave. Japan now has an upgraded warning system that has people heading for higher ground as soon as earthquakes are felt. Sensors and other technological items were added along the sea floor to help measure and better record that plate boundary for the future. Japanese engineers examined buildings to find faults and new building codes were created to allow for buildings to be built stronger.

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-The earthquake shifted Earth off its axis by changing its center of mass, this in turn shortened Earth's days by about 1 microsecond.
-The jolt from the earthquake moved Japan's islands of Honshu eastward by about 8 feet.
- The tsunami was so strong it broke off icebergs from the Sulzberg Ice Shelf thousands of miles away.
- A 5-foot high (1.5 m) high wave crossed the pacific ocean and killed over 110,000 seabirds on their nests at the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge.

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The fault line between the Pacific and the Eurasian plate had been building up stress underwater for centuries. As the plates collided in a subduction zone, stress built up between the plates before it was finally released in the form of an earthquake. The quake struck offshore roughly 15 miles below the surface where the plates slipped an astonishing 164 ft and thrusted part of the subduction zone plate towards the surface roughly 33 feet (10 m) and that was the trigger for the devastating tsunami.

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Many scientists descended on Japan to study the plate boundary zone and to take measurements and record data. They studied deposits and other items to better understand the waves better. Over 100,000 rescue workers were dispatched onto the scene and a US aircraft carrier was directed offshore of Japan. Several countries including China, Australia and the USA sent search and rescue teams to the area to help search the surrounding areas for those pulled out to see. A large number of private, non-government organizations pledged to help out financially and a large portion of money was raised fro relief funds. Rescue work was difficult as it was very challenging to get personnel to the ground effectively. Vast areas were devasted beyond repair and for the first few days, the clean up crews worked to clear the bodies from inland and ones washing up on the shoreline. New policies for tsunami and earthquake preparation and evacuation are underway effective immediately.

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Nuclear Meltdown: At the Fukushima Daiichi Power Plant the tsunami caused a large scale failure in the cooling system causing a level - 7 nuclear meltdown which triggered a release of toxic and radioactive materials. Traces of these materials (cesium - 134 and cesium - 137) have been found in water samples as far off as the west coast of Canada and California.

Debris: The surges of water been estimated to have carried roughly 5 million tons of debris out into the open ocean. From household items to large ships, items have been washing up on the west coast of North America in the years following

Damage to Property: Over 170,000 homes were without running water, 46,027 building were either washed away, destroyed or burnt down and 164,049 buildings were left without power following the quake and tsunami. The estimated cost is roughly 16-25 trillion Yen, with aid offered by 134 countries and 39 international organizations to help the relief effort.

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On march 11th, 2011 at 2:46 pm local time, roughly 45 miles off the coast of Tohoku, Japan. The quake happened roughly 15 miles below the ocean surface and lasted for about 6 minutes. Scientists have estimated that the quake between the two fault plates released centuries of stress between them. After drilling around the subduction zone shortly after the earthquake, scientist discovered a lining of clay on the plates which they attribute to one of the reasons the plates moved so far so quickly.

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The direct financial impact/loss from the event is estimated to be roughly $199 billion dollars (or about 16.9 trillion Yen). But it is estimated by the world bank that the total economic cost could reach upwards of $235 billion, making it one of the most costly disasters in history.

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Residents of Tokyo received a roughly 1 minute warning before the violent shaking began, thanks to Japan’s earthquake early warning system. Many say that this save countless lives because it allowed for the stoppage of high speed trains as well as factory lines. Word also spread fast about the quake and the tsunami thanks to calls and texts from cellphones.

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References

Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011 - Northern Japan's nuclear emergency. (2017). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 December 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011/Northern-Japans-nuclear-emergency

Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011. (2017). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 7 December 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011

Japan Tsunami: Wave Heights - March 11, 2011 Dataset | Science On a Sphere. (2017). Sos.noaa.gov. Retrieved 7 December 2017, from https://sos.noaa.gov/datasets/japan-tsunami-wave-heights-march-11-2011/

Nakamura, M., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, F., Matsuura, Y., Komi, R., & Niiyama, M. et al. (2017). Long-Term Effects of the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on Incidence of Fatal and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction. Retrieved 7 December 2017, from

Science, L., & Earth, P. (2017). Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information. Live Science. Retrieved 7 December 2017, from https://www.livescience.com/39110-japan-2011-earthquake-tsunami-facts.html

The 2011 Japan Tsunami Was Caused By Largest Fault Slip Ever Recorded. (2017). News.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 7 December 2017, from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/the-2011-japan-tsunami-was-caused-by-largest-fault-slip-ever-recorded/

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- Over 150,000 evacuees lost their homes
- More than 120,000 buildings were completely destroyed
- 278,000 buildings were half destroyed
726,000 buildings were damaged in some way.
- There were over 15,894 confirmed deaths as of June 2016, with more than 2,500 still reported missing.

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A map of the travel times and path of the Tsunami in Japan

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A map of the travel times and path of the Tsunami in Japan