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An American Haunting: Unsettling Witnessing in Transnational Migration, the Ghost Case, and Human Trafficking

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An American Haunting: Unsettling Witnessing in Transnational Migration, the Ghost Case, and Human Trafficking

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Our article is an example of a scholarly journal article, not an empirical research article. It does not test a hypothesis or subjects. The article only revisits facts and data already set forth by other researchers. It does not include participants or any type of original case study. It simply references past work to draw new conclusions related to the topic.

Fukushima, A. I.(2016). An American Haunting: Unsettling Witnessing in Transnational Migration, the Ghost Case, and Human Trafficking. Feminist Formations, vol. 28, 146-165.

Situating the multiple histories that shape transnational migrants is a maneuver to unsettle witnessing (Fukushima, 2016, p.148).

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Perception vs. Reality: The Relationship Between Organized Crime and Human Trafficking in Metropolitan Atlanta

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Perception vs. Reality: The Relationship Between Organized Crime and Human Trafficking in Metropolitan Atlanta

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This article utilizes Empirical research as it takes a scientific approach through data and studies on Human Trafficking. There are plentiful references in said research as to prove the acclaimed relationship in the city of Atlanta. Tripp(2015, p.736) states that perpetrators of human trafficking do not necessarily have a designated set of characteristics.

Tripp, T.M. & McMahon-Howard, J (2015) Perception vs. Reality: The Relationship Between Organized Crime and Human Trafficking in Metropolitan Atlanta, Southern Criminal Justice Association, p.736

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry 

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry 

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Yes this article is empirical

research because the article has test subjects and has a hypothesis. It is also peer reviewed and published in a journal. There was much research put into this.
(Ollus, 2016)

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Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

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Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

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This article is not an empirical article because it does not have an hypothesis and  the article is based off of theory and not experience.
Farrell A.,& Cronin S.,(2015)

Farrell A.,& Cronin S.(2015) Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement. Crime Law Soc Change(2015) 64:2, 11-28. DOI: 10.1007/s10611-015-9588-0

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Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

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Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

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This article does not have empirical research because it does not test a hypothesis. It is mainly based on theory and facts. (Farrell, Cronin, 2015)

Farrell, A,&Cronin, S.(2015). Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement. Crime Law Soc Change (2015) 64:211-228. DOI 10.1007/s10611-015-9588-0

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry

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This article shows empirical research because the hypothesis is tested, includes research subjects. The article has over 4 pages of sources, and examines relationships between the workers as well as the executors. One part of the article in specific shows data from migrant workers all over the world.

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Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen

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Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen

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This article is an Empirical Research article due to the fact that participants in a survey give us information on real life events .

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This article is empirical because thirty eight people were interviewed in four locations of the US. The article was written from information coming from experience and or observation.

# data[].attributes.headline
Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

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Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement

# data[].attributes.body
Is not an empirical article because it does not test a hypothesis it is just reviewing facts and data, explaining research already done. It does not include participants or an original study, simply reviewing already given statistics from others research on the same topic (Farrell and Cronin, 2015)

Farrell, Cronin (2015) Policing prostitution in an era of human trafficking enforcement. crime Law Soc Change (2015) 64.211-228 DOI 10.1007/s10611-015-9588-0

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This article has empirical research. They did not have hypotheses precisely, but they had research questions. This study includes forty participants. Their research method is from qualitative data that is collected by face-to-face & phone interviews. The interviews varied by whether the participant was involved in law enforcement or an organization. The data was analyzed by taking the statements of the participants and form themes from the statements.

The research is peer reviewed and published in an academic journal. At the end of this article, it does include cited references.

Tidball, S., Zheng, M., Creswell, C.W. (2015)

Tidball, S., Zheng, M., & Creswell, C.W. (2015). Buying Sex On-Line from Girls: NGO Representatives, Law Enforcement Officials, and Public Officials Speak out About Human Trafficking - A qualitative Analysis. Springer Science+Business Media New York,33,53-68. doi:10.1007/s12147-015-9146-1

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Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen

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Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen

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This article contains empirical research due to a survey conducted. The participants' real life stories about how they survived human trafficking in the U.S. were shared.

# data[].attributes.headline
Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen

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Health Care and Human Trafficking: We are Seeing the Unseen

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry

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Yes, this article has empirical research. The authors have a hypothesis and tested it by interviewing 10 migrant workers, 4 representatives of cleaning industry employers, 7 representatives of labor unions, and one migrant service provider. The authors also examined the relationships between two or more variables. They examined the link between the personal accounts and experiences of workers to the practices and structures of the labor market. It is peer reviewed, was published in the Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, and has 4 and a half pages of citations.
(Ollus, 2016)
Ollus, N. (2016). Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences pf Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 6(1), 25-45.

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Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry. Yes this article has empirical research because there is direct observation and experience. There is a hypothesis, and there are research subjects (migrant workers). It includes cited references and is published in an academic journal, (Nordic journal of working life studies). It examines the link between two or more variables (personal accounts and experiences of migrant workers and the practices and structures of the labor market.) (Ollus, 2016) Ollus, N. (2016). Forced Flexibility and Exploitation: Experiences of Migrant Workers in the Cleaning Industry. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 6 (1), 25-45.