# data[].attributes.headline
Aqui tienes todos los temas para practicar tambien. Busca los ejercisios de los verbos modales aqui.

# data[].attributes.subject
Aqui tienes todos los temas para practicar tambien. Busca los ejercisios de los verbos modales aqui.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
REPORTED SPEECH ☝️Ejemplos + ejercicio práctico | Gramática inglesa

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Todos los condicionales en inglés 🇬🇧 Con ejemplos y ejercicios | Gramática inglesa

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

.

As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That's why it is usually dropped.

Personal and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. - Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction - therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.

Example: he says - it is said

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception ( e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. - It is said that women live longer than men.

Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. - Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).

Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.

Exercises

Exercises on Passive (Form)

Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive)

Exercises on Passive (Active or Passive)

Grammar in Texts

Tests on Passiv

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Learn English - Passive Voice - English Grammar

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Passive Voice, short explanation and exercises

# data[].attributes.body
Number 5

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Ashutosh Sharma | Updated: May 27, 2021 19:42 IST

Voice is a form of a verb that is used to show whether the subject is given more emphasis or the action done by the subject is given more emphasis. The subject of the voice of a sentence is a person, a thing, an action or a place whom the sentence is about.

Why Should I Care about Voice?

Voices are important topics of General English in Government Exams like banks and Insurance exams including IBPS, PO, CLERK, SO and other exams like SSC, CDS, RRB, and Defence Exams. There are several direct and indirect questions based on Voices. Voices are important for Essay Writing, Report Writing in UPSC MAINS as they give emphasis to topics.

What is Active Voice in English Grammar?

When the sentence or the verb is in the Active Voice, the doer or the actor of the subject is given more emphasis. It means the subject is active while his action is passive. Generally, when the sentence is in the active voice, it starts with the subject.
For details on the Para Jumbles, refer to the linked article.
Examples of Active Voice:

When the sentence is in the passive voice, the object of the verb or the action of the subject or recipient of the action is given the main emphasis. It means that the doer of the action is passive and the object of the verb or the action of the subject or recipient of the action is active. Generally, when the sentence is in passive voice it starts with the object, action or receiver.

Examples of Passive Voice:
Check out Subject Verb Agreement here.
Common Rules to Identify the Voice of a Sentence

1. Structure of the Sentence:

When the sentence is in the active voice, the structure of the sentence is Doer/ Actor+Verb+Object/ Action/Receiver

Example: Ram bought a bike.

When the sentence is in the passive voice, the structure of the sentence is Object/ Action/Receiver+Verb+Doer/ Actor

Example: A bike was bought by Ram
2. We always use past participle verb with a passive voice.
Past participles verb has endings in -ed. Irregular past participle verb has endings in -en, -t, -d or -n.
Example:

Active Voice: I am doing my work. (Here the sentence is in present continuous tense and the verb is in -ing form)

Passive Voice: My homework is being done. (Here the sentence is in present continuous tense and the verb is in past participle form)

Also, check out Reading Comprehension. 3. We always use a helping verb in a passive sentence. Example:

Active Voice: The magician performed a trick. (Here there is only one verb, i.e. main verb- performed)

Passive Voice: A trick was performed by the magician. (Here there are two verbs, i.e. one main verb- performed and one helping or supporting verb- was)

Points to Remember during the Conversion of Voices

When we convert the Voice the following things should be kept in mind:

Special Case of Passive Voice:

Sometimes, the most obvious doer of the action is not mentioned in the sentence. In such cases, we have to assume the doer of the action.
Example:
Passive Voice: A judgment has been passed in court. Here the doer of the action is obvious. It will be the judge or the jury panel. Hence, it is not mentioned. So while converting into active voice the sentence will become.

Active Voice: The judge/ jury passed the judgment in the court.
To get details on Types, Rules & Cases of Sentence Correction, candidates can visit the linked article.
How to change the Voice from Active to Passive?

The places of subject and object are interchanged i.e. the object shifts to the place of the subject and the subject shifts to the place of the object in the passive voice.

3rd form of the verb (past participle) is always used as the main verb in sentences of passive voice for all tenses. The base form of the verb or present participle.

"By" is used while making passive voice
Learn all about Adverbs here. Example:

The painting was painted by the painter. Auxiliary verbs are used in passive voice according to the tense of a sentence.

The assigned task has been completed. Auxiliary verbs are used in passive voice according to the tense of a sentence.

The Form of Active Voice and Passive Voice in Tenses

Active & Passive voice in Simple Present Tense
For details on the Cloze Test, refer to the linked article.
Active & Passive voice in Present Continuous Tense

Active & Passive in Present Perfect Tense

Active & Passive voice in Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Active & Passive voice in Simple Past Tense
To get details on Idioms and Phrases, candidates can visit the linked article.
Active & Passive voice in past continuous Tense

Active & Passive voice in Past Perfect Tense

Active & Passive voice in Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Active & Passive voice in simple future Tense

Active & Passive voice in future continuous Tense

Active & Passive voice in Future Perfect Tense

will have + V3

will have been + V3

Ana will have completed the homework.

The homework will have been completed by Ana.

They will have investigated that house.

That house will have been investigated by them.

For details on the Types and Rules of Tenses, refer to the linked article.
Active & Passive voice in future Perfect continuous Tense

Active and Passive voice using Modals

S + Modal + not + V + O

O + Modal + not be + V3 + S

Modals are: can /could /shall /should /may /might /will/ would, etc.

She can sell the car every time.

The car can be sold by her every time.

Can she play a violin?

Can a violin be played by her?

You may read this book.

This book may be read by you.

She would teach us today.

We would be taught by her today.

We must help the poor.

The poor must be helped by us.

We ought to respect our elders.

Our elders ought to be respected by us.

Common Mistakes while Converting the Voice of a Sentence

Never change can into could, shall into should, may into might, as we are making active to passive voice not direct to indirect.

S + Modal + have + V + O

O + Modal + + have been + V3 + S

S + Modal + not have + V + O

O + Modal + not have been + V3 + S

Modals are: should /may /might /ought to

You may have availed the opportunity.

The opportunity may have been availed by you.

He might have eaten the meal.

The meal might have been eaten by him.

He might not have eaten the meal.

The meal might not have been eaten by him.

You should have studied the book.

The book should have been studied by you.

You should not have read the book.

The book should not have been read by you.

You ought to have helped him.

He ought to have been helped by you.

Here's all you need to know about Gerund, Infinitive and Participle
Characteristics of Voices of Imperative Sentences

The object is generally missing in Imperative Sentences. The structure of such sentences in Passive Voice is: Let + object + be/not be + V3

In sentences that express request, advice, and/or order, such phrases as you are requested to /advised to /ordered to are used. Word kindly /please are dropped.

Passive Voice in Infinitive Verbs

Points to Remember while converting the Voice of a sentence

If an indefinite pronoun(someone /somebody/nobody/anybody) is given in active voice as a subject then in passive voice indefinite pronoun will never be used as an object.

Someone has stolen my wallet.

My wallet has been stolen.-CORRECT My wallet has been stolen by somebody.-WRONG

Passive Voice with Infinitives

An infinitive follows most verbs normally. However, the infinitive passive voice is used after the modal verb.
Example:

1. You have to be tested for Covid-19 to fly internationally.

2. She wants to be titled Miss India.

To get detailed knowledge and examples on Prefixes and Suffixes, candidates can visit the linked article.
Passive Voice with Gerunds

Prepositions are followed by gerunds. However, normally verbs are followed by a gerund.
Example:

1. The students are excited about being taken to the water park for a picnic.

2. The students are excited to be taken to the water park for a picnic.

Using "to be born"

When "to be born" is used in passive voice, it is generally used in the past tense. However, in some cases, it is used in the present or future tense.
Example:
The baby was supposed to be born at the early hours on Tuesday.

Active and Passive voice examples with answers:

Q. Change the correct passive form of the sentence.

Take the lessons seriously.

Ans. While changing an imperative sentence into passive voice, we need to follow these steps: First of all, we will try to find out the object of the sentence, which is 'lessons' here. If the object is present in the sentence, the syntax for the passive form will be- let + object (in its subjective form)+be+V3 (past participle) + other words. Hence, we get the passive form i.e.- Syntax- Let + object (in its subjective form)+be+V3 +other words. Sentence-Let + the lessons + be + taken + seriously.
Want to know about Phrasal Verbs? Learn here
Q. Change the correct passive form of the sentence.

They offered me a chair.

Ans. The sentence is in an Active voice. It needs to be changed into a Passive voice.

While converting from Active to Passive voice, the sentence undergoes the following changes:

Rules of Conversion from Active to Passive Voice:

1. Identify the subject, the verb, and the object: S+V+O

2. Change the object into subject

3. The active verb does not have an object. Therefore, the passive form should begin with you.

4. Change the verb into the past participle of the verb.

5. Change the subject into an object

Following changes will take place:

The object of the active voice A chair becomes the subject of the Passive voice. A helping verb in the past tense is added. The conjunction 'by' is added.3rd person plural they change to them. Thus, the correct sentence will be: A chair was offered by them to me.

Q. Change the correct passive form of the given sentence.

Was she drinking a cocktail?

Ans. The sentence is in an Active voice. It needs to be changed into a Passive voice.

The sentence is an interrogative sentence that starts with a helping Verb. It is asking a question.

The original sentence in the active voice, the format for this is Helping Verb + Subject + Present continuous Verb + Object.

This needs to be changed to the passive voice, the format for that will be Helping Verb + Object + being + Past participle of the Verb + by + Subject.

Eventually, the final sentence will be, Was a cocktail being drunk by her?

Q. Change the sentence from Passive to Active.

He was knocked down by a slap.

Ans. The sentence is in a Passive voice. It needs to be changed into an Active voice.

In an active voice, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.

On the other hand, a verb is in the passive voice when the subject of the sentence is acted upon by the verb.

The sentence is in the passive voice, so the sentence has to be changed into an active voice.

To do that,

1. The object of the transitive verb (a verb that requires one or more objects) in the Passive voice should become the subject of the verb in the Active voice.

2. The verb should be changed from the Passive voice to the Active voice without changing its tense.

So the sentence would be, A slap knocked him down.

For details on the Synonyms & Antonyms, refer to the linked article.
Q. Change from Active to Passive voice.

It is time to buy books. It is time __________.

Ans. The structure of a sentence in active voice is in the form- (subject) + (verb) + (object). This is so because active voice entails that the subject is working upon the object (active action). On the other hand, passive voice entails that the object is being worked upon by the subject (passive action). The passive voice is always constructed with a conjugated form of to be and a past participle form of the verb. And therefore the structure of a sentence in passive voice is- (object) + (a form of to be plus the past participle form of a verb) + (preposition) + (subject). Thus the passive voice of the given sentence will be- It is time for (preposition) + the books (object) + to be bought (verb).

Hope this article cleared all your doubts regarding the Voices of English Grammar. Do you want to boost your confidence over a mock test? Then download the Testbook App now!

Voices English Grammar FAQs

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Voices English Grammar: Identify Active & Passive Voice With Examples

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Ashutosh Sharma | Updated: May 27, 2021 19:42 IST Voice is a form of a verb that is used to show whether the subject is given more emphasis or the action done by the subject is given more emphasis.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker's exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. The structure is a little different depending on whether you want to transform a statement, question or request.

Statements

When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:

pronouns

present tense verbs (3rd person singular)

place and time expressions

tenses (backshift)

→ more on statements in reported speech

Questions

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

pronouns

present tense verbs (3rd person singular)

place and time expressions

tenses (backshift)

Also note that you have to:

transform the question into an indirect question

use the interrogative or if / whether

→ more on questions in reported speech

Requests

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

pronouns

place and time expressions

→ more on requests in reported speech

Additional Information and Exeptions

Apart from the above mentioned basic rules, there are further aspects that you should keep in mind, for example:

main clauses connected with and / but

tense of the introductory clause

reported speech for difficult tenses

exeptions for backshift

→ more on additional information and exeptions in reported speech

Exercises on Reported Speech

Statements in Reported Speech

Questions in Reported Speech

Requests in Reported Speech

Mixed Exercises on Reported Speech

Grammar in Texts

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech), explanation and exercises

# data[].attributes.body
Exercise

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Advanced Grammar Exercise. Improve your English grammar with this exercise. Causative.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Content

Exercises and Tests

Exercises and tests on relative clauses

We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.

Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her. You could say:

A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?

That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing - you want to know who the girl is.

Do you know the girl ...

As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information - the girl is talking to Tom. Use „the girl" only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who"). So the final sentence is:

Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?

who

subject or object pronoun for people

I told you about the woman who lives next door.

which

subject or object pronoun for animals and things

Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?

which

referring to a whole sentence

He couldn't read, which surprised me.

whose

possession for people animals and things

Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?

whom

object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)

I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.

that

subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses ( who or which are also possible)

I don't like the table that stands in the kitchen.

Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are used for subject and object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish them as follows:

If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.

the apple which is lying on the table

If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.

the apple (which) George lay on the table

A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the sentence easier to understand.

This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.

Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.

Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines which of the five girls you mean.

Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?

Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.

A seaman is someone who works on a ship.

Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)

The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.

Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.

Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is non-defining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.

Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom?

Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.

Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.

Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.

Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with a participle. This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand.

I told you about the woman who lives next door. - I told you about the woman living next door.

Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? - Do you see the cat lying on the roof?

Exercises on Relative Clauses

Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs

Relative Clauses and Contact Clauses

Tests

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Relative Clauses, Explanation and Exercises