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Monarchy is a type of government that is ruled by one ruler that is usually a king. The kings power is inherited to the king's oldest son.
Between 2,000 B.C. and 1,200 B.C. ancient Greece was governed by a monarchy government. In ancient Greece if the king did not have a son to inherit his throne then the kings most trusted military advisers will go into combat amongst themselves to be the new monarch.

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Representative democracy is a type of government that all citizen pick a representative to make the decisions for them.
Ancient Greece never had a representative democracy.

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Direct democracy is a type of government where the decisions are made by all citizens directly. This mean every citizen vote for everything.
Around 500 B.C. is when ancient Greece began using direct democracy. They gave all citizens a chance to go to each of the 20 citizen assembly to decide if any laws should be changed but usually only a small portion of the citizens went.  They also had a council of 500 that were randomly drawn monthly to deal with daily running of the state.  The members of the council were paid for their services.  This way the poor and rich could afford to be in the council.

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Tyranny is a type of government who is ruled by a ruler who illegally became ruler by force.
Between the mid 600 and 510 B.C. the tyrants in  ancient Greece took over oligarchy and initially treated the people of ancient Greece well. After several generations, the tyrants became greedy and no longer treated the people of ancient Greece well.  This lead the people of ancient Greece to rebel and take over the tyrants.

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Oligarchy is a type of government that is lead by a few people who were usually aristocrats.
Between 1,100 B.C. and 800 B.C. ancient Greece had a oligarchy government. The problem was that the aristocrats were passing laws that made them richer and the poor poorer. Just like the monarchy, they used the military to enforce laws and taxes.

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A city-state is land that is controlled by its own government.  This refers to all the people in the land. Also, this land might be the same land as a country.
Ancient Greece had many city-states because communication was difficult.  Most city-states were surrounded by mountains so travel between the city-states was not easy.  Hence, each city state had their own government.

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A citizen is a member of a state or country who is native or naturalized.
The ancient Greeks required you to be a native male freeman that is over 18 years old to be a citizen.

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A government is the ruling body that makes political decisions for the people of the community.
Ancient Greece had many different types of government.  They had monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, and direct democracy.