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The poem is made up of tercets until the last couplet. If you look at the poem closely it bears a strong resemblance to a horse.

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By: Merlin, Nate, and Diego

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In many of Tu Fu's poems, including White Horse, he places value on the beauty of human life, and how war is a meaningless destruction of this beauty.  This happens due to the many deaths in warfare, and the valiant stories that are lost, never to be recovered. Instead, these stories get smeared together, making each soldier, a human life, irrelevant compared to the war. This is evident even today, exemplified by the "personalized" letter to the right, where Obama sent the same exact letter, word for word, to every family that lost a soldier in the war, not knowing their true stories, and treating them as if they were all one person, dishonoring the uniqueness of every human being and their lives.

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By: Barack Obama

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1: Tu Fu juxtaposes the words "poor" and "devil", insinuating he is a terrible person for fighting in war, but still deserves pity for the horrors he has faced.

2: See Question 1 of Discussion Questions.

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This poem is a classic example of Tu Fu's social criticisms, specifically the horrors of warfare. The first six lines in this poem set up the backstory, the "empty saddle" illustrating the loss of this soldier.  Then, Tu Fu asks a question presented throughout all of war's history; "and the rider, poor devil, who can tell his story now?" (Fu 7-9). Then he goes on to tell of the warrior's heroic story, how "he fought wounded at midnight", of which no one will ever know.  In the poem's resolution, Tu Fu starts to cry because of all the senseless bloodshed that comes with conflict, and the fact that most soldiers will remain nameless, mere pawns in the grand scheme of power.

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1) What does the white horse symbolize? What is its juxtaposition?
2) Do you think Tu Fu is a patriot or does he oppose government? Can he do both? Why?
3)Is war necessary or should it be avoided at all costs?

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Tu Fu used many basic words to convey his emotions. This was good for the uneducated by making it easy to understand.

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1) "running/
from the northeast" (Fu 2-3)
This image creates a sense of urgency. The intensity of this beautiful animal adds a layer of anxiety and wonder.
2) "how he fought/
wounded, at midnight" (Fu 11-12)
This image sets up a poetic painting of a courageous warrior. It also adds impact because it is a loss of life that had worth.

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This poem implies Tu Fu is not  in agreement with the fighting during the civil war at that time. He views death in war as meaningless and as a waste of life.