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                                Bullying in Elementary Schools

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                                Bullying in Elementary Schools

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Bullying is a concern for students in all grade levels. The National Center for Education Statistics stated that 20% of 12-18-year-olds have experienced bullying or harassment while attending school (NCES, 2017). The negative effects of being bullied can be present several years after, if not addressed. If a student is being bullied, it can affect several aspects of the students life including academics and home life. During developing years it is important to pay attention to any early signs of distress, such as isolation, insecurity, or any sudden change of behavior (McCormac, 2018). If signs are addressed early, it could help deter the negative academic performance or behavior that results from being bullied.

Many times programs that focus on preventing bullying in schools are directed towards the victim and how they are affected. While ensuring the victim receives the needed help, it is also important to determine why the bully is behaving in a negative manner that harms others. Glover et al. (2000), stated that a bully can change the role from victim to bully depending on the social environment (Jan & Husain, 2015). An example of this can be seen in a child whose parents are getting a divorce. The child may act out, such as bullying others, as a way to get the attention they may not be receiving. This indicates the importance of determining a complete background of the student, to come up with an action plan.

Bully prevention programs are more commonly seen in secondary schools; however, elementary students have similar rates of bullying incidents (McCormack, 2019). This calls for a need to implement bully prevention in elementary school, to assist in decreasing the number of students who have been bullied or deter those who have become a bully.

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                         Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

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                         Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

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Dan Olweus was known as the pioneer for bully prevention as he created the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) in the mid-1980s, as a way to reduce and prevent bullying, along with encouraging better peer relations (Olweus et al., 2019).  The program was meant for students in elementary through high school, as bullying is a concern in all grade levels. While Olweus had prior interests in researching the topic of bullying, his development of the OBPP was influenced by the death of three Norweigan adolescents who committed suicide due to bullying (Hazelden Publishing, 2016). Once the program was implemented in several schools, a study was completed to evaluate the effectiveness. The results showed that there was a 50% reduction in students who stated they were bullied, along with better overall behavior in classroom settings (Hazelden Publishing, 2016).

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Click on the link to view a slideshow prepared by Stephen Navarro, discussing the components of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program.

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Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) Components

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Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) Components. Classroom. School. Parents. Community. Individual. a curriculum a conflict resolution approach a peer mediation program an anger management program. The OBPP IS NOT. The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program IS. Slideshow 5885270 by...

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                                            Who is Involved?

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                                            Who is Involved?

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- All Students: They are responsible for following the posted rules, attend the
scheduled meetings and become a positive role model for their peers.
- All Teachers, Faculty and Administration: All faculty are responsible for
showing warmth and interest in students, setting and enforcing the rules,
ensuring all students feel included, and act as a positive role model for
students (Olweus et al., 2019). They should also attend all scheduled meetings
and determine interventions for students with bullying tendencies.
- The Student's Parents: The parents should reinforce the set rules of anti-
bullying and disciplining when necessary. It is also important for the parents to
be role models to their children when interacting with others.
- The Community: The community should set standards for interacting within
the community.

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- Olweus's Bully Questionnaire*: Given at the beginning of the year and periodically throughout.
-The OBPP School-wide Guide and Teacher Guide*: Helps explain the expectations and steps of the program.
*Hazelden Publishing, 2016.

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                                    Four Components of OBPP

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                                    Four Components of OBPP

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The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is a long-term program that includes four levels of program components, which each have requirements:
- School Level*:
Establish and train a committee
Train faculty and hold weekly/monthly meetings
Establish rules and consequences
Administer questionnaire school-wide and launch kick-off event
Ensure parents are involved
- Classroom Level*:
Post established rules and enforce them
Hold meetings with class and the student's parents
- Individual Level*:
Supervise activities and intervene when necessary
Hold meetings with those who are bullying others, along with their parents
Develop individual intervention plans to deter behavior
- Community Level*:
Involve and develop partnerships with community
Spread the anti-bullying message throughout the community
*Hazelden Publishing, 2016.

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The OBPP was designed to help prevent the following behaviors amongst students:
- Aggression
- Violent Behavior
- Anti-social Behavior
- Negative outlook on life or future
- Negative view of peers
*According to SCASA, 2013.

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*Olweus & Breivik, 2014.

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The goal of implementing this program is:
By the end of the year, grades k-8 will increase their awareness of the negative effects of bullying and their consequences. While decreasing the number of students bullied within the year from 30% to 15%, according to research from the American Society for the Positive Care of Children (ASPCC, 2018).

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                                                                                 Resources

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                                                                                 Resources

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[Arizona PBS]. (October 5, 2012). Anti- Bullying Expert
[Video File}. Retrieved April 4, 2020. From
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJVu8aIt-J0

American Society for Positive Care of Children. (2018). Bullying statistics and Information.
ASPCC. Retrieved March 31, 2020. From
https://americanspcc.org/our-voice/bullying/statistics-and-information/

Calisi, A. (n.d.). Guide to Protecting Your Child From Bullying and Violence at School.
Yoakum Junior High School. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from
https://www.yoakumisd.net/Page/1553
Center for Safe Schools. (2017). Integrating the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program and Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports in Pennsylvania.
HighMark Foundation.  Retrieved April 14, 2020, from
http://www.safeschools.info/content/OBPP-PBIS-2017.pdf

Hazelden Publishing. (2016). Core Components of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program.

Violence Prevention Works. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from

http://www.violencepreventionworks.org/public/olweus_scope.page

Hazelden Publishing. (2016). The World's Foremost Bullying Prevention Program.

Violence Prevention Works. Retrieved April 2, 2020, from

http://www.violencepreventionworks.org/public/olweus_bullying_prevention_program.page

Jan, A. & Husain, S. (2015). Bullying in Elementary Schools: Its Causes and Effects on Students.

Journal of Education and Practice. Retrieved March 31, 2020 from (PDF file)

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1079521.pdf

McCormac, M. (2018).Preventing and Responding to Bullying: an Elementary Schools 4- Year Journey.

ASCA. Vol. 18 (number 1). Retrieved from April 1, 2020, from (PDF file).

https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/PDFs/Specialist%20Resources/PSC-Preventing-and-Responding-to-    Bullying.pdf

Navarro, S. (nd). Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) Components.

SlideServe. Retrieved from March 31, 2020, from (PPT file)

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42380-019-00009-7>

National Center for Education Statistics. (2017). Fast Facts: Bullying.

NCES. Retrieved April 2, 2020. From

https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=719

Olweus D., Breivik K. (2014) Plight of Victims of School Bullying: The Opposite of Well-Being.

In: Ben-Arieh A., Casas F., Frønes I., Korbin J. (eds) Handbook of Child Well-Being.

Published By Springer, Dordrecht. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_100

Olweus, D., Limber, S.P. & Breivik, K. Addressing Specific Forms of Bullying: A Large-Scale Evaluation of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program.

Int Journal of Bullying Prevention 1, 70–84 (2019). Retrieved April 1, 2020 from,

https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-00009-7

SC Association of School Administrators. (2013). Understanding the Issue: Introducing the Olweus Bulling Prevention Program (OBPP).

SCASA. Retrieved April 1, 2020, from

https://www.scasa.org/content.asp?contentid=195#Introducing

[St. Joesph Parish, York]. (October 29, 2010). Olweus Bullying Prevention Program.
[Video File]. Retrieved April 4, 2020 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjf_0SceLh8

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Julie Brown of St. Joesph Parish, York gives an overview of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program

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Dan. Olweus Speaks about his Anti-bullying Program on Arizona PBS

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Dan. Olweus Speaks about his Anti-bullying Program on Arizona PBS

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*Calisi, A. n.d.

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                                                 Mindset

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                                                 Mindset

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The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program is a school-wide prevention program that requires full participation to be effective. The OBPP requires all stakeholders too:
- follow the mindset of "I will not bully"
- anti-bullying statements should be posted throughout the school including in
classrooms
- Teachers, administrators, and faculty should use positive reinforcement to
reward those who are role models of the anti-bullying program
- A no-tolerance policy should be put in place for those who do not follow posted     rules/guidelines.
*Center for Safe Schools, 2017.