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The love story between Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his muse Elizabeth Siddal

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The love story between Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his muse Elizabeth Siddal

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They had actually a tragic story, Lizzie Siddal falls in love with Rossetti, they got married, he loved her madly, he loved the model not only the woman. By the way, he often leaves her alone for long times and betrays her too.
One day, the got a baby, but later died, and this fact brought depression to her. For this reason she started taking laudanum, very common to cure these things (depression, sleep depriving...). She died age 33 for an overdose of laudanum.
Days after his beloved wife's death, he fell into grief and depression, up to attempt suicide.

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Table about the keywords used (Activity 3)

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Table about the keywords used (Activity 3)

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Ophelia is a painting by British artist Millais, completed in 1851 and 1852 and in the collection of Tate Britain in London. It depicts Ophelia, a character from Shakespeare's play Hamlet, singing before she drowns in a river in Denmark.
The work was first exhibited at the Royal Academy, is really admired for its beauty, its accurate depiction of a natural landscape, and its influence on many artists.
The episode depicted is Shakespeare's Gertrude's description. Out of her mind with grief and depression, Ophelia has been making garlands of wildflowers. She climbs into a willow tree.
She lies in the water singing songs, as if unaware of her danger. Her clothes have allowed her to stay afloat.

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As represented in the picture, the way of dressing is the main thing that changes among the women prototypes of that ages.
Women are not considered real people but they're just a  role, she has to be a virgin, a mother with a lot of children, the house’s keeper, must obey to the father or the husband.
She is the "angel of the house", where she has to take care of her children and knit the holed socks.
Some of them were working in mines and factories, but many of the women were killed by the hard work and some were exploited.
Women in the Victorian society had one main role in life, which was to marry and take part in their husbands' interests and business. Before marriage, they would learn housewife skills such as weaving, cooking, washing, and cleaning, unless they were of a wealthy family.
The ideal Victorian woman was pure, chaste, refined, and modest. This ideal was supported by etiquette and manners they should've used.

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Dante Gabriel Rossetti, "Paolo and Francesca da Rimini"

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John Millais, "Leisure Hours"

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Laudanum was a 10% solution of opium powder in alcohol, widely used to treat everything from hard pains and insomnia to female mental disorders. It was even used to quiet crying babies. The name was coined from the Latin laudare, meaning “to praise”  It was Paracelsus who discovered that the active ingredients in opium were more soluble in alcohol than water, that was composed by gold, pearls and other ingredients.

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Rossetti draws a parallel in this picture between the Italian poet Dante's despair at the death of his beloved Beatrice and his own grief at the death of his wife and model Elizabeth Siddal, who died on 11 February 1862. Dante Alighieri recounted the story of his unrequited love and subsequent mourning for Beatrice Portinari in the Vita Nuova.
The picture is a portrait of Elizabeth Siddal in the character of Beatrice. It has a hazy, transcendental quality, giving the sensation of a dream or vision, and is filled with symbolic references. Rossetti intended to represent her, not at the moment of death, but transformed by a "sudden spiritual transfiguration".

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5 curiosities about the "Pre-Raphaelites"

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5 curiosities about the "Pre-Raphaelites"

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1. L'enfant prodige: Millais was considered a real prodige boy, at 11 years old he got into the prestigious "Royal Academy"!

2. Children painter: Millais was one of the most known "children painter", in one of his pictures, he represents his daughter Alice Sophia Caroline.

3. Dickens dixit: The English writer Charles Dickens defines Pre-Raphaelites as "arrogant and disrespectful against Raffaello's art"

4. Beato Angelico: Pre-Raphaelites artists taken some stylistic choices from the italian artist Beato Angelico

5. Not so much friendly: Rossetti got many sentimental adventures, some of them were his confreres' wives!

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5a, 6b, 1c, 4d, 7e, 2f, 3g

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CLIL Reading Activity about Beata Beatrix

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"The Beguiling of Merlin", 1874 by Edward Burne-Jones, now is  at the Lady Lever Art Gallery.

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What is the Pre-Raphaelites confraternity?

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What is the Pre-Raphaelites confraternity?

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The confraternity is composed by artists formed in England in 1848 to restore the artistic principles and practices regarded as characteristic of Italian art before the great Raphael. It was formed by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Ford Madox Brown, William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais.
The group brought back the abundant detail, intense and shiny colors and compositions of 400' Italian art. They rejected what they regarded as the mechanistic approach first adopted by artists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo. The Brotherhood believed the classic poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on the academic teaching of art.
The Pre-Raphaelites were unique because they painted very different subjects from the rest of their contemporaries, including scenes from everyday life.

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John Everett Millais was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which was founded at his family home in London.
Millais became one of the most famous exponent of his style. He painted "Christ in the House of His Parents" and he produced a picture that could serve as the embodiment of the historical and naturalist focus of the group, the well known "Ophelia", painted in 1851.

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William Holman Hunt was an English painter and one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelites. His paintings were famous for their great attention to detail, the use of vivid colors, and symbolism. Hunt was very influenced by the writings of John Ruskin and Thomas Carlyle.
For Hunt it was the duty of the artist to reveal the correspondence between sign and fact. Among all the members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Hunt remained most true to their ideals.

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Dante Gabriel Rossetti has been a british poet and pointer, one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelites confraternity with  William Holman Hunt, Ford Madox Brown e John Everett Millais.
They had a new way of painting and lifestyle, that is detached from the classics and the society they live in, which is the Victorian Age.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti was inspired by his namesake Dante Alighieri, the Italian poet. Rossetti was obsessed with the love between Dante and his muse Beatrice.
Rossetti had a love story with her muse, Elizabeth Siddal.
When about 14 he went to “Sass’s,” an old-fashioned drawing school in Bloomsbury (central London), and then, in 1845, to the Royal Academy schools.
Rossetti expanded the Brotherhood’s aims by linking poetry, painting, and social idealism and by interpreting the term Pre-Raphaelite as synonymous with a romanticized medieval past.

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Ford Madox Brown was a British painter of moral and historical subjects, well known for his distinctively graphic and for his style. He painted "Work", one of his most famous painting. Brown spent the last years of his life painting the twelve works known as "The Manchester Murals", for the city of Manchester.

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"The cultural legacy of the Pre-Raphaelites brotherhood" (Activity 1)

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"The cultural legacy of the Pre-Raphaelites brotherhood" (Activity 1)

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1. WHO
2. TO
3. UP
4. OF
5. IN
6. THAN
7. AND
8. ABOUT

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William Hunt, "The Scapegoat"

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The "femme fatale" is hugely represented in art with artists including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward Burne-Jones and Gustave Klimt. The figure of the femme fatal is beautiful, young, with a well-proportioned body that catches your eye because of her sensual attitude.
Is the prototype of the woman that all the men are falling in love with.
The idea is represented by the picture “on the Syrian goddess”. She was a fenicia goddess of love and the war too, she’s a very powerful woman, she has the power of life and death. She’s represented with seduction, red hair and red lips, but she can bring death to men.
Sometimes called a man-eater or vamp, is a character of a mysterious, beautiful, and seductive woman whose charms makes man fall in love with her and often leading them into deadly traps.

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The perfect example of the "Pre-Raphaelites" kind of woman is Elizabeth Siddal, the muse of the confraternity and wife of Dante Gabriel Rossetti.
Her death has been caused by an laudanum overdose, a sort of drug used to sleep better.
She is compared as the figure of Beatrice Portinari, in Dante's Vita Nova.
Elizabeth Siddal represents the idea of beauty. She’s very tall, she has an unconventional personality, is a painter and was very appreciated, she was the only woman that brought her pictures in the first pre raphaelites showroom.

The woman is shown as a sexual creature, capable of sensuality, lust and carnal passion, even if such behavior is punished.
Pre-Raphaelite women are not always paragons of feminist virtue. Many are depicted as damsels in distress or femme fatales.
For example, Rossetti painted women who had “very strong jaws, very strong hair, very self-sufficient. They just dominated the pictures.