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Official language: Russian
Area Total: 17,098,246 km²
Population: 145,478,097

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Official language: Ukranian
Area total: 603,628km2
Population: 41,167,336

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Russian forces crossed into Ukraine on the morning of February 24 and began bombing military targets near major cities. Several areas inhabited by civilians were attacked, including an apartment complex for Kharkiv, a city of 1.4 million people in northeastern Ukraine.

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Victims were seen after the air strikes. The photo of a woman with bandages and bleeding on her head went around the world and was on several websites and newspapers in the last few days. After 13 days of the beginning of the conflict, Russia controls some regions of Ukraine located close to the borders, from where the attacks started, and begins to enter the territory. Although the last few days have been marked by many bombings and conflicts, the capital Kiev remains under Ukrainian control.

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Since 2014, Ukraine's armed forces and Russian-backed separatists have been fighting a war in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, in which more than 14,000 people have died. President Putin recognized in February the independence of these two separatist-held regions. He also sent Russian troops there, breaking the peace agreement

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How is the population of Ukraine being affected by the conflict? 

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How is the population of Ukraine being affected by the conflict? 

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The United Nations estimates that more than 474 civilians have been killed so far. Many are trying to leave the country, with estimates that more than 2 million people have had to leave their homes. From the UN's perspective, this is the most accelerating refugee crisis in Europe since the Second World War.

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beginning of the war, major traffic jams have been recorded on the roads leading to the borders of neighboring countries. In Kiev, part of the population went to subway stations and bomb shelters, while another part tried to leave the city. Countries like Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania and Moldova said they expect a wave of refugees from Ukraine.

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1. Russians and Ukrainians have the same origin.
The Ukrainian, Russian and also Belarusian populations share common ancestors: the Slavic peoples of the east. Around the 9th century AD, they formed a medieval state, called Kievan Rus, whose seat was exactly where Ukraine's capital, Kiev, now stands. Despite these close ties, over time a cultural and ethnic differentiation was built - which is seen mainly through the language, for example. Although similar, today there are different language systems for Russian and Ukrainian.

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2. Historically, the Ukraine region has always been dominated.

Throughout the history of Eastern Europe, the peoples present there underwent a series of conflicts, domination and local hegemonies. In the case of Ukraine, the territory has always been under the rule of some other people — the country was once part of Poland and Lithuania and, in the 18th century, a large portion was annexed to the Russian Empire.

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3. The Crimea question.
The Crimean Peninsula, located in southern Ukraine and surrounded by the Black and Azov seas, was not inhabited by Russians or ethnic Ukrainians, but by Tatars, people of Turkish origin. After the war between the then Russian and Ottoman empires, the region was annexed in 1783 to Russian territory and has been controlled by the country since then.

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4. Conflicts intensify.
From the 2000s onwards, tensions became more critical – including in relation to other republics of the former USSR. “A series of fights between Russia and the former Soviet states are on the one hand motivated by these differences between ethnic groups in the republics and, at the same time, the interest of some peoples in maintaining their autonomy in relation to Moscow”, says César de Albuquerque . Russia, for wanting to rescue its international influence, as it was at the height of the Cold War, still sees Crimea as an important territory for its sphere of influence in the geopolitical game. Ukraine, in turn, is divided.

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5. Migration movements.
Throughout the entire period of Russian Crimea rule, there were several waves of population migration, whether voluntary or involuntary. These processes created a complex network of foreign peoples there. "Populations were forcibly removed from certain territories; others migrated and joined in territories with different ethnic minorities", reports the USP researcher.

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Pedro Verissimo 3A
João Vitor 3A
Gabriel Morgado 3A