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NO HOMEWORK!! :)

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Describe what you see. What stands out to you in this picture? What is something that interests you? What are some questions that pop up when you look at this picture?

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Protest Woodrow Wilson's Opposition to Woman Suffrage, October 1916   ( )

Author

Burke & Atwell, Chicago (Photographer)

Title

[Suffragists Protest Woodrow Wilson's Opposition to Woman Suffrage, October 1916]

Description

Summary: Photograph of women suffrage activists wearing suffrage sashes demonstrating with signs at city street corner. Signs read "President Wilson How Long Do You Advise Us to Wait?", "Vote Against Wilson He Opposes National Suffrage", "Wilson is Against Women," and "Why Does Wilson Seek Votes From Women When He Opposes Votes For Women." Police on horseback and on foot far right.

Date | 1916 [Oct. 20]
Medium | 1 photograph: print
Dimensions | 8.5 x 11.5 in.

Collection

Library of Congress

Native name | Library of Congress
Location | Washington, D.C.  , United States of America
Coordinates | 38° 53′ 18″ N, 77° 00′ 16″ W
Established | 24 April 1800
Web page | loc.gov

Authority control

: Q131454

VIAF: 151962300

ISNI: 0000 0001 2186 288X

ULAN: 500312782

LCCN: n78089035

NLA: 35304669

WorldCat

Manuscript Division

Accession number

Call Number Location: National Woman's Party Records, Group II, Container II:276, Folder: Group Photographs Nos. 45-58

Source Collection Records of the National Woman's Party

Notes

Title transcribed from item with editorial addition supplied by Library of Congress staff.

Cropped version of the photograph published in The Suffragist, 4, no. 43 (Oct. 21, 1916): cover, and The Suffragist, 5, no. 54 (Jan. 10, 1917): 8. Caption: "Woman's Party Demonstration Outside President Wilson's Meeting in Chicago."

Source | http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mnwp.276015

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The Women's Suffrage Movement started in 1848, and ended in 1920. The purpose of the Women's Suffrage Movement was to give women the right to vote. However, many people were against the movement. All types of people would disagree with the movement, even people who would be benefited by it, women.

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A Chromebook (obviously), 3-2-1 worksheet and a writing utensil.

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Suffrage- The right to vote in political elections.

Anti-suffragist- Someone who is opposed to the Women's Suffrage Movement.

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https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/local/history/anti-suffrage-women-vote-19-amendment/

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Battle for the Ballot

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Susan B. Anthony stood on a stage in Upstate New York, asking a crowd to support the suffragist cause, when someone in the audience asked a question: Do women actually want the right to vote?

Her answer was hardly unequivocal.

"They do not oppose it," Anthony replied vaguely.

She had little reason to believe otherwise, as recounted in Susan Goodier's book, " No Votes for Women: The New York State Anti-Suffrage Movement." It was 1893, and suffragists were traveling across New York to build support ahead of a constitutional convention, when lawmakers would decide if the word "male" should be removed from the wording of the state constitution. Until then, most of the opposition to women's suffrage had been dominated by men.

But as the suffragists would soon learn, women would play a crucial role in attempting to prevent women from gaining the right to vote. As the suffragist movement gained momentum, women mobilized committees, circulated petitions, and created associations to oppose women's suffrage in New York and Massachusetts. Thousands of women would eventually join their fight.

"They said, 'We've got to do something,'" Goodier said, "or else we're going to be stuck with the vote.'"

Their efforts would ultimately fail with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in August 1920. But the anti-suffragist women would become a nationwide force that would influence later generations of conservative women. And today, a century after women gained the right to vote, echoes of their message remain.

Granting women the right to vote, the anti-suffragists argued, would lead to a disruption of the family unit, of a woman's role as a wife and mother, and of what they considered a privileged place in society - themes that would parallel those of Phyllis Schlafly, the conservative activist who would successfully campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s.

But their reasons for opposing suffrage were often more complex, focusing on the idea that women already had their own form of power. Many of the women in the anti-suffrage movement felt that the political system was a corrupt space, and if women joined it, they would inevitably become just as corrupt as the men, said Anya Jabour, a history professor at the University of Montana.

They felt women could better achieve their aims through influencing others - particularly their husbands and sons - using their supposed moral superiority to persuade men to do what they wanted.

"The argument was if they traded that for raw political power, they would lose female influence, and that would be a bad trade," Jabour said.

The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, founded in 1911, distributed a pamphlet explaining why women shouldn't be allowed to vote:

"Because it means competition of women with men instead of co-operation. Because 80% of the women eligible to vote are married and can only double or annul their husbands' votes. ... Because in some States more voting women than voting men will place the government under petticoat rule."

The pamphlet then offered a few tips to housewives, among them: "You do not need a ballot to clean out your sink spout. ... Control of the temper makes a happier home than control of elections."

Leaders in the movement distributed postcards illustrating the gender role reversals they feared would happen if women became enfranchised. Images showed men holding grocery baskets, pushing baby strollers and washing clothes. Others suggested that if women began doing the work of men, they would become uglier, less feminine, less desirable to men.

"They were quite successful in demonizing suffragists and feminists and depicting them as being un-attractive man-haters," Jabour said, drawing comparisons with modern-day attacks on feminists.

Others argued that women couldn't possibly get involved with politics while also caring for their children and their home. One postcard, titled " Hugging a Delusion," showed an image of a woman sulking while cradling a ballot like a baby. Another showed a woman trying to juggle a baby, a pan, a broom and a paper with the word "suffrage." "Can she do it?" the cartoon read.

The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage distributed this cartoon by Laura Foster. (Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society)

Suffragists were forced to counter these arguments by making the case that yes, "women will still do everything that they're supposed to do in the women's sphere, but also vote," Jabour said.

"I think we're still dealing with exactly these messages," said Allison Lange, an associate professor of history at the Wentworth Institute of Technology. "Even a century later, women's rights activists, female leaders are still faced with exactly the same criticism."

But understanding their arguments requires understanding who these women were. Since many in the anti-suffrage movement were ideologically opposed to women being public figures, they often identified themselves only using their husbands' names or issuing statements on behalf of an organization, rather than an individual, Jabour said.

The anti-suffragist women generally came from elite, White families on the East Coast, and tended to be married to, or related to, men in politics or law. But they were also often influential leaders in social activism and philanthropy. In many ways, anti-suffragist women were similar in status to suffragist leaders, Goodier said. "They would move in a lot of the same circles."

One of the most famous anti-suffragists, Annie Nathan Meyer, was a writer, philanthropist and founder of New York City's first liberal arts college for women, Barnard College. Her sister, Maud Nathan, publicly supported women's suffrage. Ida Tarbell, who is credited with pioneering what is today known as investigative journalism, publicly opposed women's suffrage, arguing that a woman's place is in the home and not in the man's world - even though her groundbreaking career was an exception to that rule.

Many anti-suffragists were White women with powerful positions. Journalist Ida Tarbell's career ran counter to her arguments about women's roles. (Harris & Ewing/Library of Congress)

One of the most important anti-suffragist activists was Josephine Jewell Dodge, a founder and president of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. She came from a wealthy and influential New England family; her father, Marshall Jewell, served as a governor of Connecticut and U.S. postmaster general. Dodge was also an early leader in the movement to establish day-care centers for working and immigrant mothers in New York City.

But she considered suffrage unnecessary, given that state legislatures had already passed laws protecting certain civil rights for women.

"The suffrage disturbance is, in plain words, a sex disturbance ... just as the impulse of some other women to take up foolish fancies and unnecessary movements is the result of that uneasiness and straining after artificial happiness and unnatural enjoyment which indicates an unsettled and an unsatisfactory state of mind," she wrote in a newspaper article in 1913.

Dodge's great-granddaughter, Andrea Dodge, grew up knowing about Josephine Jewell Dodge as a family matriarch and icon. But it wasn't until she was in graduate school, pursuing her master's in early-childhood education, that she learned about Jewell Dodge's role in both the day-care movement and the anti-suffrage movement, she said in an interview.

"I turned to my professor and said, 'That's my great-grandmother in this book,' " Andrea Dodge said. When she later saw a headline about her position on the woman's right to vote, Andrea Dodge was initially ashamed and disappointed. But as she read on, she grew to understand her great-grandmother's position, she said.

"It's very clear that she wasn't degrading or demeaning of women," Andrea Dodge said. "It was that women were so important to bringing up moral children that they needed to be doing it full time, and needed to be strong and educated and that was going to keep the backbone of society strong."

But while her great-grandmother led a campaign that sought to keep women as mothers and homemakers, Andrea Dodge chose not to have children. She focused on her career instead, working as a teacher in the Head Start program and ultimately working her way to a job as a federal auditor for the program.

"I think that the issues she brought up in contesting the issue of women voting, and what it represented," Andrea Dodge said, "I don't think we have ever resolved that. We live with it."

Anti-suffrage leaders spread their message to 1,200 people as part of a tour on the Hudson River in May 1913. (Library of Congress)

Once women were granted the right to vote, many anti-suffragist leaders faced a dilemma over what to do next, said Sunu Kodumthara, associate professor of history at Southwestern Oklahoma State University. After New York state passed a suffrage amendment, a New York Times article in September 1919 captured the contradicting messages in the office of the national anti-suffrage association.

On one wall, a sign read: "Politics are bad for women and women are bad for politics." On the other side of the room was a sign urging members to register to vote.

Across the country, many anti-suffragists had resolved to use their newly granted voting power to push for their conservative views, Kodumthara said.

In fact, just two years after Oklahoma granted women the right to vote, the vice president of the state's anti-suffrage association, Alice Robertson, decided to run for office. She became the first woman from Oklahoma elected to Congress.

About this story

Illustrations by Bárbara Malagoli for The Washington Post. Editing by Lynda Robinson. Art direction by Amanda Soto. Design and development by Madison Walls. Design editing by Suzette Moyer. Copy editing by Anne Kenderdine. Photo editing and research by Mark Miller.

Samantha Schmidt is a reporter covering gender and family issues.
The long struggle for suffrage

Read more stories that explore how women fought for and won the right to vote 100 years ago

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Thousands of women fought against the right to vote. Their reasons still resonate today.

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As the suffragist movement gained momentum, women mobilized to oppose the 19th Amendment. The anti-suffragists became a nationwide force that would influence later generations of conservative women.

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3 things you learned-

2 things you found interesting

1 question you may have-

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What were some reasons as to why some people didn’t support the Women’s Suffrage Movement?

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Small groups of 3-4 discussing what you have written.

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What are some ways you think the anti-suffragists have affected the Women's Suffrage Movement?

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Inquiry Question: What were some reasons as to why some people didn't support The Women's Suffrage Movement?

Starter: Describe what you see. What stands out to you in this picture? What is something that interests you? What are some questions that pop up when you look at this picture?

-Context/Background Information
-3-2-1 Activity
-Discussion and Debrief
-Closing

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I see many women standing on the side of a road and they are holding up signs.
Something that interests me is what words are on the signs.
A question I have is: How did President Wilson respond to this riot?

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I see a group of people, mostly women, standing on a sidewalk. They are holding signs that say things like "President Wilson Is Against Women". I am interested in why they feel this way about that president. I wonder when and where this picture was taken and what was the purpose of the gathering.

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I see a group of women holding up signs saying President Wilson is against women. I think what's happening is that they're protesting, and they're saying President Wilson is against women because he's not giving women the right to vote. A question I have is that did this actually make people vote against Wilson?

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I see suffragists holding signs that rebuke President Wilson for being against women.
I'm interested in the signs' content.
What did President Wilson do and how did he respond to this?

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I see women holding up signs saying wilson, the president at the time, opposes the women suffrage, and they're protesting while holding signs that say," How long do you advise us to wait". I wonder why was it that wilson opposed at first if he was the rpesident and everyone would do what hed say

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Some things I see a bunch of women protesting about preident wilson being against womens rights
Something thats interests me is that fact its all women and from what it looks like no men
Some questions that pop Up is is there any women for president wilson?

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I see women demonstrating against Wilson.
I think they are frustrated with Wilson for not taking interest in their needs, and recognizing their demands.
I wonder where this protest took place, and how it was covered by the media.

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I see signs, a group of women, a road, and buildings in the background, most of the signs are talking about President Wilson. The thing that mostly interests me about the image is the President Wilson person that they talk about as he is clearly an important figure to be held on most if not all the signs of these people. What is this about President Wilson? Why are these protesting about President Wilson? What did President Wilson do that made these people protest? What did President Wilson do to go against Women?

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I see a group of women that I'm assuming are part of the suffrage movement holding picket signs and protesting. I noticed that a lot of these signs are attacking Woodrow Wilson (the president at the time) and advising people to vote against him. I wonder if he explicitly passed any laws that prevented women from gaining equal rights.

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I see women protesting with signs that seem to be against President Wilson. I find it interesting how some women are carrying a flag which makes me wonder what the flag might resemble?

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I see a large group of women standing alongside the road with a bunch of signs. Something that interests me is that the signs are saying President Wilson is against women and the Women's suffrage movement and to vote against him. I wonder what Wilson's response was to this riot

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I see people holding signs saying president Wilson is against women.
Something that interests me are the signs
What are they protesting for?

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I see a lot of women holding signs in this picture begging for wilson to take action or ssaying hes againest womens right im interested about why they feel this way and the context behind this picture.

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I see many women with signs on the road which basically just say President woodrew Wilson was against women rights basically. Something that interests is that they still didn't get arrested yet because police brutality against women who did that back then was pretty dark. Where they are interests me.

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In this picture I see women holding signs and wearing banners. Some of the signs say - "Wilson is against women"
Something that interests me is why these protestors believed Wilson was again women.
Did he not support women's right to vote?

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See - I see women holding signs saying "Wilson is Against Women" which means that some people may be against women's rights
Interest - I am interested by how women reacted to this
Question - Some questions that pop up for me is what was Wilson's response.

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In this picture I see a group of women who are holding up signs that are talking about former President Wilson and how he is against the Women's Suffrage movement and they seem to be peacefully gathering together. Some questions I have is what did Wilson do in this case and how many people were there protesting against him and were there any men there. What interests me is how it looks like there's a lot of people there and how people are supporting the rally

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I see a group of women out on the street protesting hold signs up and flags something that interested me is what do the sign mean the question i have is when was the picture took places

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I see people protesting with signs that say "Vote against Wilson, he Opposes National Women Suffrage"
Something that interests me is the sign "how long do you advise us to wait?"
A question I have from the image is what is the sign "how long do you advise us to wait?"  talking about?

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I see women standing on the side of the road holding up signs.
what interests me is what most of the signs talk about the guy named Wilson and one of the signs says he is a president or something.
How is this related to the anti-suffrage movement?

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Some ways would be that it is sort of a sabotage so that it could be used to argue that many women didn't want the vote. It definitely slowed the movement down and became an obstacle that the suffragists had to get over.

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I think some ways that the anti-suffragists have affected the Women's suffrage movement is by adding more fuel to the fire to stop the 19th amendment from passing. There were large numbers of women and men who didn't believe in the right to vote and many of them came from white and rich families which meant that they had power to put up a real fight against the suffrage movement.

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They effected the movement by causing a lot of lag and delay and causing the goverement and others to try to not be in favor in women rights and it just contributed to an extra layer of challenges for the women

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the anti-suffragist have affected the Women's Suffrage Movement because they did push back on the women who were a part of the suffrage movement by demonizing them to themselves and the public, I think that if there weren't women who opposed the movement things could've been changed quicker

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They listed many good reasons on why women shouldn't get the right to vote, and this might make women feel like they don't need it and they'll stop protesting.

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I feel like anything they did made the Women Suffrage look good I mean the vice president of ones state anti suffrage was the women elected to congress I mean that's a W for womens rights if you ask me not a L and I feel having other going up against who were against made more undecided women and men pick a side so I feel having a competior is good.

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some ways i think anti - suffragists have affected the Womens suffrage Movement was that they had persuiaded a bunch of people into thinking and agreeing with them. Many people started to believe the fact women were better off as "housewives" and it like ruined the way of them getting to vote and like there would be protests against that protest.

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the anti sufrragists affected the womens suffrage movement because it made it more difficult for women to prove there point if women themselves opposed to the women suffrage movement. The anti suffrage movement became an obstacle and they usually would make propaganda that would illustrate what would happened if owmen got the right to vote and it would show how men would be the ones at home and doing the dishes and thngs like that.

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I think that anti-suffragists highlighted the intense stereotypes and gender roles for both men and women. They influenced the suffragists movement because they forced suffragists to defend themselves against other women and basically said that feminists were "unattractive man-haters."

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I think anti-suffragists have affected the Women's Suffrage movement because many people today are still opposed to men and women having equal rights. In the end women ultimately got the right to vote but they still had to overcome a lot of challenges to get to that point.

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I think they kind of degraded women that wanted to vote and made them seem like ugly man-haters, very similar to how society perceives feminists sometimes today. Many women were anti-suffragists so this probably sent mixed signals to others when they thought about whether women want the right to vote or not.

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They affected the movement by pushing back the progress that the people were trying to make in order to get the rights for women to vote. As well as demonizing the the movement to the public and others by justifying the gender roles set by society during the time of this movement.

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Anti-Suffragists made it difficult for women to earn their rights because they had a mindset in which women would disrupt the family household if they were given rights.

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Some ways I think the Anti-Suffragists have affected the Women's Suffrage Movement is some of a sabotage so that it could be less effective & discourage women to vote. They also thought that they weren't being valued and started to feel less included.

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Some ways I think the anti-suffragists have affected the Women Suffrage Movement was by arguing with various reasons as to why women didn't want the right to vote.

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The anti-suffragists undoubtedly slowed down the movement but at the same time made the movement more interesting - by calling attention to how important the issues involved.

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Some ways the anti suffrage movement affected the women's suffrage is it causes a lot of arguments on if women should be able to vote or not.

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-They would only double or annul their husband's votes.
-Women couldn't get involved with politics while also caring for their children and their home.
-Anti-Suffragists said that granting the right to vote would lead to disruption of the family unit.
-If women started doing the "men stuff" they would become uglier, less feminine, and less desirable to men.
-Most women felt like it's better for them to influence others(husband and children) than getting the right themselves.

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The main reason why some people don't support the Women's Suffrage movement is due to agreeing with the gender roles, believing women should be wives and mothers. As well as men not wanting women to rise up in power so that again they can fit into these gender roles that society has set for them to follow. Even the schools do this so that they can look good into the eyes of the people yet this deed today only makes them look rather disgusting.

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some of the reasons as to why some people didn't support the woman movement because some women did not want to vote

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Some ways I think that anti-suffragists have affected the women's suffragist movement was by claiming that giving women the right to vote would disrupt the family and they said that women didn't want to vote and they had other things to focus on as "housewives" or something and they would try to show what they think would happen if women got voting rights like men doing the laundry and dishes instead.

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Women from the Women's Suffrage Movement may be Swayed by ideals of anti-suffragists because most of their ideals actually made sense. And that they made it more difficult for people in the Women's Suffrage Movement.

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They thought they'd be undesirable, unattractive, and overall perceived as less feminine to the men. They also thought that if roles were reversed it would be a tragedy to make people feel bad for the men and they would be put under petticoat rule if women were allowed to vote.

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They didn't want their home dynamic to change and they didn't want to lose power and they wanted to keep the status quo basically they just didn't want change at all basically.

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Some where because there husbands or fear of them, or that women couldnt get into polics, disruption of family order, and gender roles basically

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I think so of the reasons why some people didn't support the Women's Suffrage Movement was due to them agreeing on gender roles. They also felt they couldn't get involved with politics while also caring for their children.

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1) They had many responsibilities, as they were mothers and house keepers.
2) They were afraid to become corrupt just like how the men had.
3) They didn't want to give away their female power for raw political power, which in their eyes, was a bad trade.

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- They would overpower men
- It would ruin the way women work at home
- they didnt want a competetion between two genders in the voting
- they think women would become uglier and less feminine
- they would ruin what men have to say or add onto it

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they thought this would create a whole competition between women and men and it would also make men in charge of more "feminine" duties while women voted. Other women simply did not want the right to vote for whatever reason

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They didn't want women "disrupting" the family unit.

They believed that joining politics would make women just as "corrupt" as men.

They thought that women should be influential and powerful at home in order to be politically active.

They wanted to continue the status quo regarding gender roles.

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They felt that gender roles would be reversed and that men would be the ones doing the dishes and laundry and that women couldn't get into politics while taking care of their children and also that they would become as corrupt as men.

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-women would lose their femininity and grace
-women cannot be involved in politics and still care for their family
-women would be corrupted if they were given the right to vote
-gender roles would be reversed
-women would become ugly and undesirable

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Some reasons as to why people didn't support the Women's Suffrage Movement was because it would lead to a disruption of the family unit, a women's role as a wife and mother, they felt that the political space was corrupt so joining it they would become corrupt as well, if they began doing the work of men they would become uglier, less feminine and less desirable to men.

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Women that were wealthy didn't want to lose their power, men didn't want to lose their power, married women would double their husbands votes, being involved with politics would make women more corrupted and uglier

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Some people were against the Suffrage Movement because they thought that women had this designated role in society and if they were to leave that role then it would create problems.

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Some of the reasons:
1. They thought it would make them as corrupt as men
2. They didn't want to change the roles between husband and wife that had existed
3. They thought it would actually affect their status and weren't willing to part with that
4. They thought it would make them less feminine, ugly and undesirable.

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Women felt like the political system was a corrupt place, and if women joined, they would be just as corrupt as men.
Women votes would just be the same as their husband's votes.
If women traded female influence for raw political power, that would be a bad trade for them.