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P: Local European officials and merchants in SEA support this idea of colonisation.
Elb:These people were called men on the spot. Colonisation gave these people easier control over the colonies, and greater economic benefits for their home countries.
Exp: However, the governments in Europe tend to be cautious for any actions done in SEA, as it might be too risky and costly. Many local officials would go beyond the instructions of their superiors in Europe. They would intervene before reporting their actions.
L: This partly happened due to the slow telecommunications technology at that point in time.

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P: Rivalry among European Powers.
Elb: There was a strong competition for political power in Europe. The balance of power in Europe was disrupted with the unification of Germany. This was an important trigger for a new wave of colonization.
Exp: The newly-created Germany was keen to grow its empire overseas. Other European Powers feared that Germany would colonise SEA ahead of them. When this happens, it would deny the other European Powers the raw materials and markets.
L: This is what led to other European Powers wanting to extend and secure their influence through colonization.

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Need for raw materials and new markets (E)

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Need for raw materials and new markets (E)

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P: The need for raw materials increased as the Industrial Revolution accelerated in the 19th century.

Elb: Industries required vast amounts of raw materials to manufacture goods, and these raw materials could not be grown in or obtained from Europe. Europeans found a ready source in Southeast Asia which was rich in raw materials such as tin from Malaya and coal from Vietnam. During this period, the demand for products such as rubber, sugar and rice became even greater. Malaya and Indonesia produced rubber and sugar, while Vietnam had land to cultivate rice. Southeast Asia, therefore, became an important source of these products.

Exp: The Industrial Revolution also made it possible to mass-manufacture goods
such as cotton, glass, paper, iron, steel, as well as products made from iron and
steel such as Kitchen ware, tools, weapons and machine parts. The European powers needed new markets to sell these goods to. They saw Southeast Asia as a potential market.

L: When a depression started in Europe in 1873, the need to find overseas markets became even more pressing.

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Chen Xun
Bryan

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P: White Man’s Burden
Elb: The Europeans believed in the superiority of European forms of government, education, healthcare and law and SEA was seen as backwards and in anarchy.
Exp: It is therefore the duty of the Europeans to bring civilisation to SEA, who wanted to improve the lives of the locals in SEA. The term ‘White Man’s Burden’ was coined by Rudyard Kipling’s poem, to describe this duty.
L: This was seen by the locals as a justification for European colonisation.

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P: One key factor that motivated the European powers towards colonisation was competition for political power in Europe.

Elb: The balance of power in Europe was upset when a powerful new state Germany was created in 1871. This happened during the period of the Franco-Prussian War. The creation of Germany was an important trigger for a new wave of colonisation. The newly-created Germany was keen to grow its empire overseas.

Ex: The other European powers feared that Germany would colonise the Southeast Asian territories ahead of them, and deny them access to raw materials and markets.

L: The other European powers theretore tried to extend and secure their influence through colonisation.

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Protect Trade Interest and trade routes (E)

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Protect Trade Interest and trade routes (E)

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P: The Europeans came to SEA to protect their trade interest and trade routes
Elb: Europeans competed against each other for a share of the profits from trade in SEA. They established alternatives routes and set up trading bases in SEA.
Exp: As such, they need to protect their interests against competing European powers. They also need to protect their own business interest against local unrest that can disrupt their trade.
L: That is what brought the Europeans to come to SEA.

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For today's session, write down the reasons for European Colonisation, according to the PEEL format. 

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For today's session, write down the reasons for European Colonisation, according to the PEEL format. 

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Economic Factors - Green
Political Factors - Blue
Social Factors - Yellow