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The case ruled by the Supreme Court, which says that the Nazi Party could not be prohibited from marching peacefully in Skokie, Illinois.

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False statement that harms the reputation of another person or group.

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Slander - When someone makes false statements to another individual.
Libel - When someone makes a false statement about another person that harms that person's reputation.

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Amendment that granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to all Americans including African Americans.

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An amendment included in the Bill of Rights that prohibits the imposition of excessive fines, excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishment.

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Amendment in the Bill of Rights that protects the rights of American citizens to be allowed a trial by jury in a civil lawsuit.

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The urging to overthrow the government by force, or to disrupt its lawful activities with violence.

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Amendment in the Bill of Rights that guarantees accurate, fair, and legitimate prosecutions.

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A Supreme Court case that affirmed the conviction of a Japanese American citizen who violated an exclusion order that secured all persons of Japanese ancestry from designated military areas during World War 2.

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Amendment in the Bill of Rights that protects the people from testifying against himself or herself in a criminal case and it protects the people from being subjected to a second trial for an offense for which they have been tried previously.

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Racial segregation that happens by fact from differences, rather than by legal requirement.

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Amendment in the Bill of Rights that protects US citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures of property by the government.

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Amendment that is a part of the Bill of Rights that guarantees the right to keep and bear arms.

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Amendment that is a part of the Bill of Rights which prohibits Congress from interfering with freedom of religion, speech, assembly, or petition.

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A case in which the Supreme Court decided that a Rhode Island law that paid some of the salary of religion school teachers was unconstitutional.

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A court order banning speech or other expression before the legal phrases take place.

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Clause in the 1st Amendment states that the government shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion.

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Form of judicial review that examines whether a legislative branch has a reasonable and not a authority basis for its actions.

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Case where the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants who cannot afford lawyers themselves.

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Case in which the Supreme Court advanced the controversial "separate but equal" doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.

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United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state; caused the Supreme Court to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

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Major decision by the Supreme Court that declared a pregnant woman is entitled to have an abortion without any interference by the state.

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Law that ended discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

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Laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between 1877 and the 1960s.

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The process of a business or governmental agency in which it gives special rights of hiring or advancing ethnic minorities to make up for past discrimination against that minority.

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A literacy test measures a person’s proficiency in reading and writing. Literacy tests were used in the voter registration process in southern states of the U.S. with the intent to decrease the amount of black voters.

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Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the 14th Amendment is not valid in state courts.

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Included in the 14th Amendment that requires states to guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protections to all citizens.

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U.S. Supreme Court case that resulted in a ruling that requires a code of conduct for police interrogations of criminal suspects held in custody).

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The Court ruled that segregation in public schools is prohibited by the Constitution.

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Case in which the Supreme Court ruled that involuntary prayer in public schools violated the 1st Amendment.

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A doctrine used by the U.S. judicial system which applies the liberties and protections of Bill of Rights in the jurisdiction of the state and local governments.

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The expression of an idea, opinion, or emotion through non-verbal or non-written ways.

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The supreme court case California v. Bakke ruled that a university's use of racial quotas in its admissions process was unconstitutional, however, a school's use of affirmative action to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances.

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Power the police have to obtain a warrant with reason for the arrest of a suspected criminal.

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The legal separation of groups of people based on the law.

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Conveying a message through behavioral actions instead of words. However, some actions are too absurd and they are not protected under the 1st amendment.

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination based off of race will be a special focus in a Supreme Court review.

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A rule that bans the use of unlawfully obtained evidence in court.

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A clause in the 1st amendment that prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or taking actions that favor one religion over another.

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The principle that is found in the 14th and 15th amendment that an individual cannot be deprived of life, liberty, and the property without appropriate legal proceedings.

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Clause in the 15th amendment that protects Americans from being tried more than once for the same crime.