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https://s1.vocaroo.com/media/download_temp/Vocaroo_s1KYAaWgayMj.mp3

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1.) Lopez looks to understand the factors that contribute to race and gender disparities in education (3)

2.) focuses on race and gender connection in children who second generation Caribbean youth in New York City post-1965 immigration
*enter US as permanent residence
*women are the most prominent group in Caribbean migration flow

3) Lopez shares a personal connection to research
*family migrated to New York from Dominican Republic

https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/gardner10-dominican/articles/a/t/_/At_A_Glance_47d0.html

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Lopez addressed the following research questions:

1.) What accounts for the race and gender disparities in education?

2.) How is it that men and women who belong to the same racial and ethnic groups have different outcomes in terms of their educational attainment
*similar factors of comparison saw:
^same schools
^growing up in the same social and economic circumstances
^living in the same neighborhood

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1.) Lopez focuses more on qualitative methods
-due to the scarcity of quantitative data sets for second-generation Caribbean group

2.) It was done over a two year period, with focus groups of college students from CUNY

3.) 6 month participant observation at Urban High School in New York City

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1.) the reality created by groups and individuals
- 1990s CUNY, 70% of Black and Latino students are women

2.) the main focus why poor minority men are loosing out on opportunities in higher education

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-Constructivist
1.) No single reality/truth
-reality created by individuals in groups
*second generation Caribbean youths
2.) reality used to discover fundamental understanding of events
3.) Lend to the use of eclectic research design
4.) qualitative methods
-door-to-door solicitation interviews, follow-up life history interviews, focus

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Lopez, Nancy. 2003.   "Unequal Schooling: Race and Gender Disparity in Urban Education," chapter 1 in Hopeful Girls, Troubled Boys: Race and Gender Disparity in Urban Education. New York: Routledge.

Denzin, Norman and Yvonna Lincoln. 2011. "Introduction: The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research," in Denzin and Lincoln, Eds. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage.

Lincoln, Yvonna, Susan Lynham and Egon Guba. 2011. "Paradigmatic Controversies, Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences, Revisited," in Denzin and Lincoln, Eds. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage

Gardner, D. (2010). Dominican Immigrants Entering the U.S. per Decade. In From the Island to the City: Dominicans in New York. Retrieved from https://macaulay.cuny.edu/seminars/gardner10-dominican/articles/a/t/_/At_A_Glance_47d0.html

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1.) Lopez, focusing in the constructivist paradigm, used eclectic research design to determine the underlying meaning of the questions she was seeking to research

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1.) door-to-door solicitation interviews (66)
- done in areas with high and low concentration of Dominicans, West Indians and Haitians.
- not random but the participants resided in low-income areas, based on the census

2.)focus groups
- selected randomly from a list of second-generation students enrolled at CUNY campuses
- interviews conducted in classroom and were tape-recorded

3.) follow-up life history interviews
-  40 second-generation Dominicans, West Indians and Haitian youth who grew up in New York City during 1970s-1990s.
-interviews were audio taped and last about two hours