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https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/anatomy-and-physiology/bones-and-skeletal-tissues/functions-of-bones

https://www.acls.net/human-skeletal-system

https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-College-Human-Biology/section/13.5/

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What is the Bone repairing process?

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1. What is a Sesamoid Bone?
2. What is a Short Bone?
3. What is a Irregular Bone?
4. What is a Long Bone?
5. What is a Flat Bone?
6. What is the Bone Remodeling Process?
7. What is the Difference Between Red and Yellow Bone Marrow?
8. What is Spongy Bone?
9. What are 2 Functions of the Bones?
10. Name the 2 Types of Bone Marrow.

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Bone repair (or healing) is the process in which a bone repairs itself following a bone fracture.
Although bone repair is a natural physiological process, it may be promoted or inhibited by several factors. Fracture repair is more likely to be successful with adequate nutrient intake. Age, bone type, drug therapy, and pre-existing bone disease are additional factors that may affect healing. Bones that are weakened by disease (such as osteoporosis or bone cancer) are not only likely to heal more slowly, but are also more likely to fracture in the first place.

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Even after skeletal maturity has been attained, bone is constantly being resorbed and replaced with new bone in a process called bone remodeling. In this lifelong process, mature bone tissue is continually turned over, with about ten percent of the skeletal mass of an adult being remodeled each year. Bone remodeling is carried out through the work of osteoclasts— which are bone cells that resorb bone and dissolve its minerals — and osteoblasts, which are bone cells that make new bone matrix. Bone remodeling serves several functions. It shapes the bones of the skeleton as a child grows, and it repairs tiny flaws in bone that result from everyday movements. Remodeling also makes bones thicker at points where muscles place the most stress on them. In addition, remodeling helps regulate mineral homeostasis, because it either releases mineral from bones into the blood or absorbs mineral from the blood into bones. The figure below shows how osteoclasts in bones are involved in calcium regulation.

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Sesamoid Bone: The function of this bone is to protect tendons and diminish friction and wear on joint surfaces. This type of bone is usually small and round and is found in the hands, feet, and knees. A common example of a sesamoid bone is the patella (kneecap).

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Irregular Bone: These types of bones vary in size and structure with the shape usually being very complex. Irregular bones serve different functions depending on location. For example, vertebrae protect the spinal cord and together make up the spinal column. Another example would be the hyoid bone which helps to maintain tracheal and pharyngeal support.

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Short Bone: Helps to provide stability and movement within the ankle and wrist joints. They provide little to no movement. Short bones are roughly cube shaped and are as long as they are wide. Examples of this type of bone include the carpals and metacarpals in the wrists and ankles.

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Flat Bone: The primary purpose of this type of bone is to protect internal organs such as the brain, heart and lungs. It also provides a large surface area for muscles to attach to. Examples of this type of bone include the cranium (skull), the thoracic cage (sternum and ribs) and the ilium (pelvis).

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Long Bone: Helps to facilitate movement and support the weight of the body. Long bones are characterized by a long tubular shaft and an articular surface at each end of the bone where ligaments and tendons attach. These bones include the major bones of the arms and legs such as the humerus and femur, tibia and fibula, and the radius and ulna.

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Support: Bones provide a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues.
Protection: Bones such as the skull and rib cage protect internal organs from injury.
Movement: Bones enable body movements by acting as levers and points of attachment for muscles.
Mineral storage: Bones serve as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for various cellular activities throughout the body.
Blood cell production: The production of blood cells, or hematopoiesis, occurs in the red marrow found within the cavities of certain bones.
Energy storage: Lipids, such as fats, stored in adipose cells of the yellow marrow serve as an energy reservoir.

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is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow(adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity.

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usually accompanied by one or two veins, enters the bone through the nutrient foramen, runs obliquely through the cortex, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the endosteum– the vascular membrane lining the medullary cavity, and give twigs to the adjoining canals.

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the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints. Its principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads with a low frictional coefficient

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Spongy Bone- Also known as Cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is a very porous type of bone found in animals. It is highly Vascularized and contains Redbone marrow. Spongy bone is usually located at the ends of the long bones (the Epiphyses), with the harder compact bone surrounding it.
Endosteum- Is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the Medullary cavity of long bones.
Compact Bone- Also called cortical bone, dense bone-in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces that contain the Osteocytes, or bone cells.
Periosteum-  A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints

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made up of spongy bone, which is bone with tiny holes similar to lattices. These holes are filled with connective tissue and bone marrow.

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Proximal Epiphysis --  An epiphysis is a growth plate of a bone. Each growing bone has two, one is closer to your body and one that is further from it. Proximal means the closer one and distill means the further one.
Metaphysis -- The metaphysis is the narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It contains the growth plate, the part of the bone that grows during childhood, and as it grows it ossifies near the diaphysis and the epiphyses
Diaphysis --  shaft or central part of a long bone
Epiphyseal line -- is a plate of hyaline cartilage found in children and adolescents, located in the metaphysis at the ends of each long bone
Red Bone Marrow --  Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in red marrow
Yellow Bone Marrow --  some white blood cells develop in yellow marrow. The color of yellow marrow is due to the much higher number of fat cells