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On 6 January, parties take place in France and the Kings' cake is served.  Usually a child hides under the table and shouts out the name of the next person to be served a slice of the cake.  When everyone has their piece of cake, it is then discovered who has won the trinket that was hidden inside. That person  becomes the 'king' or 'queen' of the party and wears a golden paper crown.
The rule of the game is that the King (le roi) or Queen
(la reine) must buy or make the cake for the next party.
The Kings' cake parties are so popular that they often continue until the end of January!

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During the French Revolution the Kings' cake was not allowed to be called by that name.
The word 'king' or roi was not very popular at that time in France, so the cake was re-named le gâteau de l'égalité,meaning:- 'the equality cake.'

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So, the arrival of the Three Kings  at the stable in Bethlehem is celebrated on 6 January.  They are called les Rois Mages which is a way to say 'the magic kings'.  They used their magic powers of observing the stars and planets to look for special meanings and warnings.  It was the star of Bethlehem (l'étoile de Bethléem) that indicated to them the birth and location of a new King and for which they set out on their journey.

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The special date of 6 January is called l' Épiphanie.
The Kings' cake, la galette des Rois, is round and made of puff pastry.
Inside la galette des Rois, a special trinket is hidden.  This trinket is called une fève - meaning 'a bean.'
It used to be the tradition to find a 'dried bean' inside the cake but nowadays the trinkets can be anything from lucky horseshoes to little figurines.
You must be careful when eating the cake - just in case you bite into the hidden trinket and damage your teeth!

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During the first days of January, a special cake is prepared called la galette des Rois (the Kings' cake).  The cake is officially eaten on 6 January in celebration of the journey of The Three Kings (les Rois Mages) who followed the star of Bethlehem, found the Baby Jesus (l'Enfant Jésus) and gave Him their gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh.
In French these gifts are called or, encens et myrrhe.

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New Year's Day is called le jour de l'An or Nouvel An.  Lots of people make a New Year Resolution.  This is called une bonne résolution de Nouvel An.

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At midnight at New Year it is the custom to kiss under the mistletoe (le gui). In France, mistletoe is a New Year tradition. There is an old French saying:- 'Au gui l'an neuf.'  This means:- 'Mistletoe for the new year.'
Some French towns do this naked, for luck, but it is rarely done

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To say 'Happy New Year' you say 'Bonne Année.'  This actually means 'Good Year.'

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New Year's Eve is called la Saint-Sylvestre (Saint Sylvester's Day).  There is a special dinner in the evening called le réveillon de Saint-Sylvestre.  There are parties and presents too.  New Year gifts are called les étrennes.

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le jour de Noël - Christmas Day
la Nativité - The Nativity Scene
la crèche - the crib, the manger, or, The Nativity Scene
Marie et Joseph - Mary and Joseph
l'Enfant Jésus - The Baby Jesus
l'ange - the angel
l'étoile - the star
Bethléem - Bethlehem
l' âne - the donkey
le berger - the shepherd
les Rois Mages - The Three Kings
le chant de Noël - the Christmas carol
le soulier de Noël - the Christmas stocking  (The French words actually say 'the Christmas shoe.')

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Décembre trop beau, été dans l'eau. :
If the weather in December is too nice,
the summer will be wet.

Noël neigeux, été merveilleux. :
Snowy Christmas, wonderful summer.

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la bûche de Noël.

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Christmas dinners often include:-
seafood - les fruits de mer
oysters - les huîtres
lobster - le homard
snails - les escargots
smoked salmon - le saumon fumé
caviar - le caviar
duck or goose - le canard ou l'oie
turkey - la dinde
green beans - les haricots
cheese -  le fromage
For dessert there is usually a sponge and buttercream Christmas log called la bûche de Noël.

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French children leave their shoes out in front of the fireplace in the hope that le Père Noël (Father Christmas) will fill them with treats and will place gifts on and around the Christmas tree (le sapin de Noël) for when they awake on Christmas morning.

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La veille de Noël is Christmas Eve.  Le réveillon de Noël is Christmas Eve dinner and celebrations.  In the evening, French families eat a special meal to celebrate the very beginning of Christmas Day, this can last all the way past midnight

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It is the tradition in France to display the Nativity scene until the 2 February - a date known as la Chandeleur.
This date is forty days after Christmas Day.

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Some figurines are placed in la crèche later than the others:- The figurine of Jesus is placed in His manger on Christmas Day.

The figurines of The Three Kings appear on the night of 5 January.

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In la crèche, the figurines of the village people represent lots of different professions, for example:-
le boulanger - the baker, le fermier - the farmer,
le chasseur - the hunter, la lavandière - the washer woman.  There is also a figurine called le ravi, meaning 'the delighted one', and he always has his arms raised to express his delight

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A important French tradition is to display une crèche somewhere in your home.   This tradition is most popular in the area of Provence.
La crèche is a pretty arrangement of little buildings and figurines surrounding the Christmas crib.  The figurines are called santons and they include:-
The Baby Jesus - l'Enfant Jésus
Mary and Joseph - Marie et Joseph
the shepherds - les bergers
the angels - les anges
The Three Kings - les Rois Mages
the animals - les animaux
village people - les habitants d'un village

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In the city of Lyon there is a wonderful
Festival Of Lights.  It is called la Fête des Lumières.
It is a four day festival, starting on 5 December and finishing
on 8 December.
Why does it take place on these dates?
In France, the 8 December is a celebration in honour of the The Virgin Mary.
In Lyon, during this festival, everyone places candles on their window sills.
The buildings are lit up with coloured lights and the streets are decorated with illuminations.

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In one French town called Saint-Nicolas-de-Port, the parade on 6 December leads Saint Nicholas to the Town Hall where the Mayor officially welcomes the saint and gives him 'the key of the city'.  After this ceremony, watched by the families of the town, there is a fireworks display.

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On 6 December, in many French towns, there are parades with beautifully decorated floats,  enacting the arrival of Saint Nicholas and his evil companion le Père Fouettard.
This is a celebration for the whole family.

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In many parts of northern and eastern France, Christmas celebrations begin on the 6 December - also known as
Saint Nicholas' Day.
The celebrations take place because, once upon a time there were three children who got lost in the countryside.
An evil butcher kidnapped them.
Luckily, Saint-Nicolas rescued the children and returned them to their parents.  This is why Saint Nicholas is known as the protector of children.

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On the night of 5 December (the eve of Saint Nicholas) children place their shoes in front of the fireplace and they sing traditional songs to the saint before going to bed.  They believe that he will arrive on his donkey carrying treats and gifts for children.

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In the morning of 6 December, children awake to find their shoes filled with treats.  Naughty children receive a little bundle of twigs tied together with a ribbon!
Most children will receive some twigs in addition to their presents, just to represent any times they have been naughty

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There is also a Christmas bogeyman called
le Père Fouettard.
He represents the evil butcher who kidnapped the children.
He follows Saint Nicholas.  He carries a whip, is dressed in black and his face is the colour of coal.
He brings no presents.

The name le Père Fouettard comes from the word for
'the whip.'      le fouet = the whip.

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traditional song for the celebration of Saint Nicholas' Day.

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traditional song for the celebration of Saint Nicholas' Day.