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The children in the strange situation - Insecure resistant

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Imprinting - The newborn creature bonds to the type of animals it meets at birth and begins to pattern its behavior after them. In humans, this is often called bonding, and it usually refers to the relationship between the newborn and its parents.

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Attachment Theory

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Operant conditioning - positive and negative reinforments for example being rewarded for doing something good to encourage you to continue

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internal working model=part of Bowlby's monotropic theory. The idea that attachments formed in childhood with caregivers act as a blueprint or model for later relationships and attachments.

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internal working model - a mental representation of how to form a secure relationship

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#8 indiscriminate attachment

Children become wary of strangers and want to be close to their primary caregivers. Indiscriminate friendliness may be a sign that the child is having a problem forming that closeness or a secure attachment with his or her primary caregiver.

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Cultural variations : the differences in what cultures view as normal behaviour and so alterations are needed to alter towards these .

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Sexual imprinting-  a process whereby mate preferences in adulthood are affected by who they imprint on as an infant.

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9. Secondary attachment figure= children who have more than one attachment figure have higher self esteem and fewer mental problems

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Intersectional Synchrony: Two individuals having a coordinated, synchronised exchange. Including: matching expressions and mimicry.

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Separation Anxiety: Both infants and adults. The individual will become distressed when seperated from the attachment figure (someone they’re familiar with)

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meta analysis=taking lots of data from the same repeated study and comparing the results. This could be across different countries or a time period. For example, van izendoorn and kroonenberg completed a meta analysis of the strange situation to look at cultural variations of attachment.

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Institutionalisation in the context of attachment refers to the effects of growing up in an orphanage or children's home. Children who are raised in these institutions often suffer from a lack of emotional care, which means that children are unable to form attachments.

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Privation occurs when there is a failure to form an attachment to any individual.

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Maternal deprivation theory- how the effects of early experiences may interfere with the usual processes of attachment formation. Bowlby proposed that separation from the mother has serious consequences such as troubles with intellectual and emotional development.

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Stage 4: multiple attachments.
After specific attachments, the infant makes attachments with other familiar faces. E.g. father, sister, aunt, grandparents.

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Meta analysis: when data from a large number of similar  studies is reviewed to reach a conclusion and observe differences across areas and times.

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Specific Attachment: Infants start to develop specific attachments to particular people and become distressed when separated. They avoid unfamiliar people and will protest if strangers try to handle them.

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Stranger anxiety: when I child shows visible distress due to the presence of a stranger

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Imprinting: It is a form of primary attachment that occurs in animals and humans. From the minute of birth an emotional bond is created when seeing another animal or human and they will begin to pattern it's behaviour after them.

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primary attachment figure - an initial attachment formed between an infant and caregiver. This can help an infant to form secure relationships in later life.

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Classical conditioning is an explanation of attachment. It states that infants learn by association of a neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus, creating a conditioned response from the baby.

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stage 1: Asocial attachment is from 0-6 weeks where infants have a similar response to objects and people.

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Reciprocity: Where the infant and career interact with each other. One will act and the other will respond.

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Monotropy - Bowlby's theory that the attachment with the primary caregiver is the strongest and most important bond of all those that the child will form.

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social releasers = part of Bowlby's monotropic theory, they are innate responses that improve the chance of survival as they generate a response from a caregiver. for example, crying.