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World war !
- Tsar(Nicholas ll)- not a good ruler
a. sent men and mos resources for war
b. Army was mostly the working class
-People got mad and rebelled
- Gov. isn't doing anything for the ppl: dying of starvation

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Background:
- Lost land to other countries
- colonies gaining independence

What happened:
1. political changes: improved trade routes, overall modernization of the entire empire
2. Likeness to Europe: Influenced by Europe - enlightenment/Renaissance. This reform was in part motivated to be back on top with Europe - “We’re just as good as them”
3. Young Ottomans: a new class" of ppl focused on political change.
4. Young Turks: A later group of military/civilian elites
5. Effects and Outcome:
-Secularized Society - separation of church and state - not judged on religion
- “Insurance” - “security of life, property, and honor to all subjects of the empire”
- Tax Standardization and Continuation of Military Buildup

- Increase in Exports and Reliance on Agriculture

a) The wealth that they did have came from trade, so they needed to keep up with agriculture in order to sustain their wealth

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Causes:
- monarchy
- poverty
- taxes
- inflation
- etc.

General assembly:
- led by king Louis
- happened bc France was in debt

Women:
- fight for rights
- cercle social

After the relv.
napoleon, new constitution

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1920-1950
- war between the communist and the nationalist

Leaders
- C leader: Mao Zedong
- N leader: Chiang Kai Shek

a.     Phase 1: Class Antagonism = conflict between Nationalists/Communists

b.     Phase 2: Dual Sovereignty = communists starting to rise;

Moderates Attain power = communists made a new constitution

c.     Phase 3: War = civil war; Terror and virtue = communist executions

d.     Phase 4: Ruled by a Tyrant = Mao Zedong

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- No respect for the creoles
- no free trade
- Spain became weak: empire fell after a powerful leader died, effected everyone

Outcome
- independence almost everywhere by 1826

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-       Wave one: fought for quality in political power

-       Wave 2: Fight for equality in civil rights

-       Wave 3: Gender equality

-       Wave 4: Fight current issues, such as meto, and pink tax

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1791-1804
Slaves wanted slavery abolished

The biggest successful slave revolt, made the country Ha

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America was trying to break away from Britain.

America wins the wars and becomes independent.

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1400-1500

-Italy $$ ottoman Empire advanced trade and caused Italy to become rich

- the renaissance is a complex ran be few elite people

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counter reformation = Catholics clarified and reaffirmed their unique doctrines

- worked to fix problems that started reformation

Jesuits
- religious group that focused on the renewal of the catholic church

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- org. there was a smal handful of scholors
- most of the E. thinking was directed away from the church

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- ppl stared to changed the way they thought
-regular people can think for themselfs

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- largest imperial state
- left the ppl they conquered alone
- located Ander mountains
- 10 mil ppl

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- mexico
- 5-6 mil ppl
- loosely structured
**human sacrifice
very brutal

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french, british, russian, dutch

- the natives wpuld help the britsh because they were fimilular with the land

- the britsh would give the natives modern things like guns

- this made the natives strt depending on the brotsh

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- African demographics
-alot of men would get trades for hard labor
-this left more then 2/3 of the pop. women

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the Chinese had everything they needed/wanted
-they didn't need to trade with other contruries
- they were very rich because everyone wanted stuff from them

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*the enormous network of communication, migration, trade, disease and he transfer of plants and animals is the C.E.

-connected four continents

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corn and potatoes spread so widely, because the food was cheap

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-rice
-sugarcane
-grapes
-garden veggies
- fruit
-houses
- pigs
-cattle
- goats
-sheep

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over 90% of the native pop. would be killed off

the Europeans thought that all of the natives dying was a sign from God that he is making room for them

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natives would dye from:
-small pox
- measles
- typhus
- influenza
- malaria
- yellow fever

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- serve God
- serve the king
- get rich!!!!

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- wheat
-livstock

- they wanted sugar, grain, meat, fish

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- map making
- nav.
- saling techniques
- ship design
*salided on the Alantic Ocean

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Ch. 13 Political Transformation (1470-1750) 

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Ch. 13 Political Transformation (1470-1750) 

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- Cared more about civilizations rather than hunting and gathering

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- developed agr.
- they wouldnt fight with other tribes they would just talk it out
- men were hunters, women stayed at home and gathered food

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- african tribe that flourished on their own
- interacted with other tribes around them
- didnt want a king or ruler
- they where forced to change their ways

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- gathering and hunting soc.= paleolithic (old stone age)

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- bands of hunters and gatherers
- new places established
- villages of agricultural people

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- amazing sailor