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Joan of Arc in Issue 78 of Classics Illustrated

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Joan of Arc in Issue 78 of Classics Illustrated

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I chose this image because I was interested in seeing how comic books portrayed Joan of Arc, and I thought this magazine/comic cover was particularly stunning with its aura of light in the background. This magazine cover seems to emphasize Joan's role as a humble shepherdess as evidenced by the numerous sheep that surround her, which is ironic given how she spent very little of her actual life tending sheep. Joan also looks particularly feminine and not very wealthy, as depicted by her long hair and modest attire. In fact, if not for the sword that St. Michael (at least I assume it's Saint Michael) is handing to Joan, it'd be difficult to believe that the girl in the picture will eventually rescue France through warfare. This illustration seems to portray Joan as what she might have been while she was still a peasant living with her family in Domremy, thus making the future transformation from humble peasant to female warrior seem that much more astounding, a trait that the magazine cover was probably trying to capture. Joan's hands are clasped in a sort of prayer; she has yet to begin wearing armor or other forms of lavish dress; she is the only one worthy of having visions of Saint Michael. This is the kind of Joan that magazine developers felt comfortable telling kids about. - Emily Tobias

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I chose this image of Joan of Arc because I felt like it still portrayed her as a feminine woman. Many of the images I had seen before showed her with very short hair and masculine features. Here, she has a petite figure even under the armor and is kinda in a sensual pose. She looks very beautiful and graceful yet still like a soldier. She looks like a strong woman, not like a woman trying to be a man.

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This is Joan of Arc as depicted in the show Drunk History, played by Vanessa Hudgens. She's depicted as a young girl with dark hair, which was probably the closest to her actual appearance, Harrison mentioned the one drawing of her done by a contemporary and the hair found on one of her letters, both of which show her with dark hair and a more masculine build. In this depiction she's not an almighty holy warrior, but she is a leader and a fighter. It's also a more modern depiction, where her history is presented in it's own right without any modern political or social attachments.
-Marirose Osborne

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I chose this image because despite looking feminine, she is portrayed in armor and looks strong. She also looks less masculine which I thought was interesting because she is usually portrayed as looking really masculine. She is shown with dark hair and a slight build which is probably more accurate of what she would have looked like at the time.
-Alex Gulotta

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The beautiful virgin who inspires us all today: Joan Of Arc

JOAN OF ARC: IN SHORT

Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, was the third child of parent Jacques d' Arc and Isabelle de Vouthon. She was born in a peasant's world and spent most of her life helping her parents in the farm.

At the age of twelve, it is said that Joan hear "voices" of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret of which she believed were sent from God. These voices told her that it was her divine mission to liberate her country from the English and help the dauphin gain the French throne. The voices also told Joan to cut her hair, dress in a man's uniform and to "pick up the arms."

Joan gained approval of the captain of the dauphin's forces the board of theologians who gave her troops to command and the rank of captain after she had passed the examination. Joan was a pious leader of her army - by the time her army had reached Orleans, she had every soldier in her army going to Mass and going to confessions. She considered the righteousness of her armies so important that she didn't want to stay in Orleans upon arrival, but wanted to stay with her army, "since they were all well confessed and repentant and of good will."

At the Battle of Orleans, in the May of 1429, Joan led the troops to a miraculous victory over the English. She continued fighting the English in other locations along Loire. Her troops were so feared that when Lord Talbot had learned she was approaching, the arm at Patay, most of the English troops and Commander Sir John Fastlofe fled the battlefield.

When Charles VII was crowned King of France on July 17, 1492 in Reims Cathedral. As for gratitude, Joan was given a place of honor next to the king during the coronation and was ennobled for her services to the country of France.

However, despite all the joyous events, Joan was captured by the Burundians in 1430 while defending Compeigne near Paris and was sold to the English. In return, the English handed Joan over to the Ecclesiastical Court at Rouen led Pierre Cauchon, to be tried for witchcraft and heresy. But, much of the blame to her wearing man's clothing. Joan was told that for a woman to wear men's clothing was a crime against God. She did not change for the voices hadn't told her change and because she needed the armor for protection against sexual abuse by jailors. Her determination was seen as a offense toward the English who finally decided her fate. Joan was convicted after fourteen month interrogation and on May 30, 1431 she was burned at stake in the Rouen market place. She was nineteen years old, and meanwhile all this happened, it said that Charles VII made no attempt to help or rescue her.

A second posthumous trial was held twenty-five years later and she was pronounced innocent of the charges which were pressed on to her. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920 by Pope Benedict XV.

The voices that inspired Joan

THE MIND OF JOAN OF ARC: A SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION

Joan of Arc attributed her success to the hearing of "voices." Such "voices" led her to do the things that she did and in the way that she did them. Some believe these "voices" to be divinely inspired visions. But what are the scientific explanations for the "voices" of Joan of Arc?

There are at least 10 medical, psychological or behavioral theories.

Some have argued that Joan of Arc suffered from Meniere's disease. This is an ear problem that can cause dizziness and ear (auditory) confusion, sometimes taking the form of sounds similar to "voices."

Others maintain that Joan of Arc suffered from tinnitus. This is a common inner ear problem resulting in hissing or buzzing sounds in the ear that can on occasion resemble "voices."

Still others contend that Joan of Arc suffered from schizophrenia. Auditory hallucinations are common in schizophrenics.

Another view is that Joan of Arc was a psychopath -- and a pretty clever one at that. At her trial, she maintained her wits and poise through tortuous days of hostile cross-examination by skilled interrogators of the Inquisition. They constantly tried to trap her into an admission of guilt.

Yet another view is that Joan of Arc hallucinated on a form of LSD. This came about accidentally from eating contaminated grain. The fungus ergot grows on grains such as rye (Secale), barley (Hordeum) and wheat (Triticium). Poor storage of grain, a common occurrence in the Middle Ages, allowed ergot to thrive. Ergot was known as "mad grain" and "drunken rye" because of the hallucinations it caused. The psychoactive ingredient in ergot is a form of LSD (lysergic diethylamide). LSD would easily account for the "voices."

Yet still another view is that Joan of Arc only pretended to hear "voices." Supporters of this theory argue that she faked mental illness in order to gain favour from a sympathetic King Charles VII of France. The King's own father suffered from mental illness and was aptly known as "Charles the Mad."

In 1986, Dr. R.H. Ratnasuriya, a psychologist at the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospital in London, argued in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine that Joan of Arc suffered from a form of tuberculosis that resulted in a tumour (tuberculoma) in the temporal region of her brain. Such a tumour can produce auditory hallucinations, thus explaining her "voices."

In response to this theory, later in 1986 and in the same journal, Dr. D.A. Moore, with the intriguing title of medical services director of the Scottish and Newcastle Breweries, dismissed the tuberculoma theory and instead offered one of his own. He voiced the view that Joan of Arc's "voices" was only one of several symptoms she exhibited. She also suffered profound ill health due to malnutrition (cachexia) and the absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhoea) also due to malnutrition. Thus, Dr. Moore concluded, Joan of Arc more than likely suffered from anorexia nervosa.

In 1991 in the journal Epilepsia, Drs. E. Foote-Smith and L. Bayne of the Department of Neurology at the University of California in San Francisco presented the theory that Joan of Arc suffered from epilepsy.

They write: "We suggest, based on her own words and the contemporary descriptions of observers, that the source of her visions and convictions was in part ecstatic epileptic auras and that she joins the host of creative religious thinkers suspected or known to have [had] epilepsy, from St. Paul and Mohammed to Dostoevsky, [and] who have changed western civilization."

The latest theory explaining Joan of Arc's "voices," but probably not the last, was put forward in 2004. Writing in the American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Dr. Maggie Phillips, an Oakland, Calif., psychologist and author of Healing the Divided Self (1995) and Finding the Energy to Heal (2000), suggests that Joan of Arc suffered from "post-traumatic fragmentation" associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. This was due to child abuse, parental neglect and other terrifying experiences.

During the Hundred Years War in particular, life ranged from the horrible to the terrible as death, disease, disaster and destruction were everywhere. While the common folk suffered tragically and endlessly, not knowing what the fighting was really all about and never having "victory" clearly defined, their leaders merely repeated for more than 100 years, "Fight on, and on, and on, and on."

IN a paper entitled "A Medico-psychological Revision of the Story of Jehanne La Pucelle" readbefore the Section of the History of Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine on December 4, Dr. H. P. Bayon said that modern historians, by interpreting medieval religious conceptions according to the dictates of contemporary critical doctrines, have failed to examine the voices and visions of La Pucelle in their proper light and sequence. The first voices heard at the age of thirteen were, according to him, connected with endocrine activity tinged by intense religious fervour and could not be rightly diagnosed as morbid, even if they ranked as somewhat abnormal.

Joan of Arc was NOT a lesbian. Let's get that clear right off the bat -- there's no evidence whatsoever of her sexual orientation.

What's more, she's one of the few people in history who had her virginity proven: the Queen of France and her Ladies, trying to determine if she was a fake, examined Joan and declared her "a virgin true and entire"! Even her enemies examined her, after she was captured, and as much as they would have loved to declare Joan a whore, they had to admit she was a virgin.

France ca. 1400 was in hell: the Hundred Years War with England, not to mention the Black Plague and general famine. The King of France had gone mad and slain some of his nobles. The Queen took over and began sleeping with his brother.

When the brother was assassinated, she ended up sleeping with the assassin -- a rival Duke who was in cahoots with the English! She disowned her son the Dauphin, declaring him a bastard, and signed a treaty handing France over to the English.

Joan was born in a village just outside of France. When she was a teenager she began having visions and hearing voices whom she identified as St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. She took a vow of virginity, which was not merely a renunciation of sexual pleasure, for a woman it was an essential declaration of freedom from control and domination by men.

Her Voices then told her to go save the city of Orleans which was besieged by the English and to take the Dauphin to be crowned King of France at Rheims.

Miraculously, she did it.

The capture

Wearing men's clothes because she was doing men's work, as a disguise, and because it helped her fend off groping guys, she went to the Dauphin and picked him out of a crowd where he was hiding to test her. She was able to raise the eight-month-old siege of Orleans in four days. Under her inspiration, the heretofore useless French army conquered its way to Rheims, where the Dauphin, who might best be described as a loser, a wimp, and an ingrate (he had prudently kept away from the battles), was crowned.

Dumped by the King once he was crowned, Joan was ultimately captured by the English.

They needed to prove she was a witch, so they could say all she had accomplished against them was Satan's doing instead of God's will. When they burned her at the stake she was 19 years old.

At least she got to wear a fabulous hat, which said "heretic, relapsed, apostate, idolater".

The trial by the corrupt

Source: woatv

Source: bookrags

On May 30, 1431, Joan of Arc was executed in the square at Rouen. Eyewitnesses say she listened quietly to a sermon. Then, weeping, she asked forgiveness for her accusers. Most of the judges and a few of the English soldiers and officials were sobbing by the end of her speech. Still, they tied her to a pillar in the center of a woodpile and lit a fire beneath her. A Dominican monk held up a crucifix for her to look at as the flames engulfed her. She screamed the name of Jesus several times before her head dropped to her chest. Joan was 19 years old when she died.

WORLD WAR TWO AND JOAN OF ARC

Both the free french armies and the Nazis used Joan for their propaganda aims. De Gaulle used the cross of Lorraine on the flag of Free France. The Nazi propaganda machine hinted that the English were going to invade France again.

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JOAN OF ARC: The 'Mad' Woman Who Inspired France

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The beautiful virgin who inspires us all today: Joan Of Arc JOAN OF ARC: IN SHORT Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, was the third child of parent Jacques d' Arc and Isabelle de Vouthon. She was born in a peasant's world and spent most of her life helping her parents in the farm.

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This was the most powerful image I could find that does not attempt to hide Joan's femininity. I like how she appears as a leader AND as a woman, and she is not portrayed in a sexual way at all. Many images of Joan show her with short hair, but this one shows her with long hair. Often, historical military leaders are shown in artwork on horses because they look more powerful when up above everyone else. I like how Joan is shown on the ground where her soldiers were because it suggests that she was a leader who practiced what she preached.

Lisie Fahrenbach

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Joan of Arc by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1882)

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Joan of Arc by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1882)

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I chose this picture because Joan is looking up to God in it. She is trusting in God and listening to what God tells her to do as she leads the people of France. She was a faithful woman who believed that she could lead France to victory through God. This painting shows Joan holding a sword, which shows her strength as a leader, and also shows her as a woman. Her hair is long and down, and she has small features that resemble a woman, such as her hands, eyes, and lips. The artist captures her as a leader and as a strong woman.
-Brigid Conmy

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This is more or less an image of Joan of Arc.

In a quote, a stylist said "her dress is pretty much a replication of that kind of strength. I don't remember much about the story, but I do remember she wanted to be a soldier, as a boy, so she cut off her own hair. It was a mix of Joan of Arc, Catholicism, and Versace, all put together."

I think it important what the goal of the dress was, and how people view it and their preconceived ideas about Joan of Arc. In this dress, although the hair cutting and dress were intended to show masculinity it is being misconstrued here by making it a dress. This ignores one of the only facts that can be easily proven. The quote from the designer also shows the little knowledge known about Joan and further installs ideas that are false compared to what we know about the Joan of Arc. Although it does blur the few facts we know about Joan, her image is also now being used to empower diversity which was unintended but somewhat successful considering what we do know.

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I thought this was interesting because this image shows that Joan had long hair in this image which shows that she wasn't exactly trying to look as masculine by her face and hair but more by her armor and sword. Also usually when you are trying to portray a more feminine look they would put her hair down but in this image/scene they put it up giving it more of a masculine feel.
China

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Joan of Arc holds the banner she loved, and a helmet. She wears armor and had cut her hair short. She does not have blond hair or light eyes as often shown. Her sword is still attached to her hip. Her lips are neither smiling nor frowning, but she looks serene and at peace, respectful. Her eyes are lifted upward as if looking at the sky. It seems almost like she is praying or worshipping God.
-Alexandra Bradley

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Joan of Arc by freelance artist Lily Moses 

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Joan of Arc by freelance artist Lily Moses 

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Moses' interpretation of Joan clearly favors her more feminine characteristics. Her hair is less boyish and more like a chic 1920s flapper. Her dark eyes are almost doe-ish. The lilies that flank her are a traditional symbol of purity, which alludes to her maidenhood. Even though she wears her armor and carries her sword, her femininity is not forsaken.
-Anna Noone

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I chose this photo of Joan's death at the stake. I thought it was interesting how she was portrayed more feminine here with longer hair along with a dress. During her time she was always dressed in armor and took on more masculine characteristics. I noticed she is looking up to the sky almost as if she is looking to God. It looks really morbid and sad with the coloring of the image, but lighter once you focus on Joan. I noticed on the right it seems to be people of the church and on the left I believe it is the diplomatic individuals.

Danyelle Haynes

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I chose this photo of Joan of Arc because I like how she looks more feminine rather than the way they portray her as masculine. Even though she wears armor and everything she still has her side of feminine. Also, her eyes stand out in this photo.
-Damariz Olguin

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Jeanne d’Arc écoutant les voix (Joan of Arc listening to the voices) 1876

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Jeanne d’Arc écoutant les voix (Joan of Arc listening to the voices) 1876

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In this painting by Eugene Thirion, the focus is centered on Joan as a young peasant girl with a broom in hand as her fate is being portrayed in the background. She is depicted with feminine qualities and long, dark hair, and she seems to be in deep contemplation or awe as she receives a vision and hears the voices of angels. I found it very interesting that the soldier in the background is blowing a trumpet and carrying a banner as Joan did while the archangel Michael is holding a sword and whispering in her ear. Also, there is a halo around Joan's head foreshadowing her fate. Lastly, the use of color in this painting as darker in the front and brighter in the back creates an engaging contrast between her childhood and her destiny.

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I chose this image of Joan as it shows her before the drama and war. She is a young girl in a field of sheep, just living her life happily. ~Clarissa

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I chose this because when I watched this episode ,while it was a comedy, it still portrayed Joan as a strong woman. She's remembered as a prominent person in history, and I think that's really cool that people still talk about her.

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I chose this picture because it shows that she is an important person in our history. If there is a statue of her, people will continue to learn about her. ~Brynne Elick

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I chose this picture because it shows that she is an important person in our history. If there is a statue of her, people will continue to learn about her. ~Brynne Elick

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I chose this photo because I Found it interesting how inaccurate the costume is. From what we have learned we know that her clothing was more masculine and was actual battle gear. It was not a sexualized version of the armor. This kinda upsets me because Society today likes to sexualize everything women do and this is just another example of that. - Zoe