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Definition:
Suspense is a literary device that authors use to keep their readers’ interest alive throughout the work. It is a feeling of anticipation that something risky or dangerous is about to happen. The purpose of using this type of anxiety in literature is to make readers more concerned about the characters, and to form sympathetic association with them. Therefore, authors create scenarios that could force readers to understand, and to want to read on to see what their beloved characters face the next.

For example:
In the short story "Borders" by Thomas King, the narrator says a suspense about the journey to  Lake City. "But we can stop at one of those restaurants, too right?"

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Definition:
Foreshadowing is a literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story. Foreshadowing often appears at the beginning of a story, or a chapter, and helps the reader develop expectations about the coming events in a story. There are various ways to create foreshadowing.

For example:
In the movie "To Build a Fire", by Jack London. It was foreshadowing when he was about to pass away, because in the movie, he was fragile.

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Definition:
Flashbacks are interruptions that writers do to insert past events, in order to provide background or context to the current events of a narrative. By using flashbacks, writers allow their readers to gain insight into a character’s motivations, and provide a background to a current conflict. Dream sequences and memories are methods used to present flashbacks.

For example, In the short story "Never Stop on The Motorway", by Jeffrey Archer, the main character talks a bout the past when she studied with one of her friend. "She and Daniel had studied economics at Bristol University in the early 1980's, friends but never lovers."

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Definition:
The mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual or a person in a novel, play, or movie.

For example: In Christy Jordan-Fenton's "Fatty Legs" the main character is Olemaun, a young girl who wants to go to a residential school, and the antagonist, Catherine, who bullies the protagonist horribly.

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Definition:
Mood is a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and description. Atmosphere is literary piece as, it creates an emotional that surrounds the readers.

For example: In Guy de Maupassant's "The Necklace", the atmosphere were terribly unhappy, because of the fact that the husband worked a lot just for a fake necklace.

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Definition:
Allusion is an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly, an indirect or passing reference.

For example:
In Thomas King's "Borders", the mother ask his son if he wants a orange crush which definitely meant, she was not going to stop during the driving.
"You want another Orange Crush?".

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Definition:
Plot is a plan made in secret by a group of people to do something illegal or harmful.

For example: In the short story "Fatty Legs" from Christy Jordan-Fenton's, the protagonist, Olemaun burnt her red stockings to stand up for herself.

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Definition:
Setting is a place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

For example: In Jeffrey Archer's "Never Stop On The Motorway" the protagonist was in London, during weekends, at her house, at her friend, Daniel's house.

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Definition:
Point of view is a reflection of the opinion an individual from real life or fiction has. They are three major kinds, First person involves the use of either of the two pronouns "I" or "we". Second person employs the pronoun "you". Third person uses pronouns like "he", "she", "it", "they", or a name.

For example:
(Third person)
in the short story "Never Stop on The Motorway" by Jeffrey Archer,
the narrator talks about Diana being sad because of the stop sign during her driving way, "Diana groaned as she came to halt at yet another red light".

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Definition:
Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. It can also be a natural object or facts.

For example:
In the short story "Borders", by Thomas King, the mother tells the guard in front of her that comes from Blackfoot. "I'm from Blackfoot". Blackfoot is a symbol of her place and family.

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Definition:
Irony is the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.

For example:
In the short story "Borders" written by Thomas King, after five days being stuck at the borders, they were finally able to cross.

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Definition:
Motivation is the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.

For example: In the short story" The Necklace" by Guy de Maupassant, the husband worked hard and achieve his goal which is very motivating.

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Definition:
The theme in a story is its underlying message, or 'big idea.' In other words, what critical belief about life is the author trying to convey in the writing of a novel, play, short story or poem? This belief, or idea, transcends cultural barriers. It is usually universal in nature. When a theme is universal, it touches on the human experience, regardless of race or language. It is what the story means. Often, a piece of writing will have more than one theme.

For example:
In  the short story "Never Stop on The Motorway" by Jeffrey Archer, the author was trying to say to the people to be careful and to pay attention when we are at the motorway.

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Definition:
Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Usually it is thought that imagery makes use of particular words that create visual representation of ideas in our minds. The word “imagery” is associated with mental pictures.

For example:
in the short story "Two Islands" by Iran Gantschev, the narrator let us imagine two islands sitting in the middle of the ocean. "They sat in the middle of the ocean with a wide stretch of deep water between them.

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Definition:
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing – an idea or an animal – is given human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings.

For example:
In Iran Gantschev's "Two Islands" the narrator talks about the two islands like humains being. "

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Definition:
Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which is not literally applicable.

For example:
In Christy Jordan-Fenton's "Fatty Legs", the antagonist was called "the Raven" because she could control the class like a raven no matter what happens.

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Definition:
A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words “like” or “as.” Therefore, it is a direct comparison.

For example:
In the short story "Never Stop on The Motorway", by Jeffrey Archer, says "the black van was chasing like a black bull".