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Powerpoint presentation of Ms.Demircan
Pearson Biology 9th Grade
@eshooltoday

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Protein -> Polypeptides -> dipeptides -> amino acids

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Proteins can be denaturated by changes in;

1.Extreme heat
2.Extreme salt concentration
3.Extreme ph

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1. Catalyst (enzymes)
Enzymes are proteins that
speed up chemical reactions in the body

2. Storage protein
Casein – milk protein
Ferritin - is the protein in the liver, store the iron.

3. Hormones
Insulin , FSH, LH
insulin is made up of
protein. Regulate the
blood glucose level

4. Muscle contraction
Actin and myosin are needed for muscles.
•actin- myosin: is the protein , find in the structure of the muscle for
muscle contraction
•Actin – myosin : find in the structure of the flagellum and cilia for
movement of the paremecium , euglane

5. Defensive : It is
used in structure of
the antibodies which
is synthesized by
White blood cells.
Antibodies have two
arms that bind to
antigens on bacteria
or other payhogens.

6. Transport of nutrients and gases
Hemoglobin – transport oxygen, carbondioxide

Membrane protein – transport the molecules
Facilitated diffusion, active transport , electron transport

7. receptors
Binding site in the
membrane for
hormones,
neurotransmitters,
tastes, smell

8. Structural protein:
• Example : Keratin – hair,
horns, nail , feathers
• Function : repair the
tissue.
•

9. Blood clotting
Fibrinogen – plasma
proteins involve in
blood clotting

10. Energy : It ıs used as asupport . third source of energy

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Two amino acids are linked  by a covalent bond which is called peptide bond
n(amino acid) --->protein + (n-1) water

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Each type of amino acid has a unique side chain,which gives that amino acid its special chemical properties.

The radical group is the changing group, as there can be different molecules connecting to the carbon atom, like the hydrophobic leucine & hydrophilic serine side chain.

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1. Essential amino acids
They aren't synthesized in the human body,we obtain them from plants. There are 8 of them.

2.Non essential amino acids
They are synthesized in the human body. There are 12 of them.

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Proteins are composed of four elements:
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nıtrogen
-Sulfur*
-Phophorus*
* May occur in some types

The monomers of protein are called amino acids.There are 20 kinds of amino acids. Proteins can be fromed from different combinations of amino acids, they may differ from each other by type,number, and combinations.

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A protein is a polymer of amino acid monomers. Your body has thousands of proteins, and each protein has a unique three dimensional shape corresponding to a specific function. Chances are, if something something is getting done in your body, there is a protein doing it