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Factor 3: Washington Naval Conference

The USA organised the Washington Naval Conference to get the major powers to agree on naval disarmament. It was decided that the ratio of the naval strength amongst the USA, Britain, Japan, France and Italy would be 5:5:3:1.67:1.67 respectively. Japan, therefore, had to reduce their naval strength more then Britain and Italy. The Japanese viewed the agreement as a deliberate ploy by the USA to ensure that Japan would never be able to rise as the greatest naval power in Asia Pacific. This led to great resentment against the USA . Deteriorating relations with the USA convinced Japan all the more that they had to build a colonial empire to prove that they were not an inferior race, which the Americans made them out to be .

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Factor 8: Weakness of the league of nations

Describe: The league of nations were ineffective in handling aggressive countries and could not stop these aggressive countries or force them to withdraw.Therefore these caused two incidents to happen. The two incidents that happened were the Mukden incident and invasion of Manchuria, and the second Sino-Japanese war. Manchuria was both economically and strategically important to Japan. It was economically important because it was a good source of raw materials and resources needed for Japan's growing industries. It also provided Japan with a market to sell their products. Strategically, control of Manchuria allowed Japan to defend its interest in Korea. Japan was also placed in a strong position for future expansion into China, because of Manchuria's geographical location. On 18 September 1931, a bomb exploded near a Japanese-owned railway near Mukden ( Mukden incident) Japanese army blamed the chinese nationalists and demanded for action by the government. Japan used this as an opportunity to expand into Manchuria. On 19 September 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria. China was too occupied with its own civil war to resist the attack. Therefore, Japanese successfully established a satellite state in Japan - Manchukuo, under the leadership of China's last emperor Pu Yi. A treaty was signed with Manchukuo in 1932 such that the country was now under Japanese military control, but China refused to acknowledge Manchukuo. The league responded by commissioning an investigation and a report to the assembly chaired by the British Earl of Lytton. The report, known as the lyttin report, found that the Japanese army's response to the Mukden incident went far beyond self -defence. A motion was raised at he league of nations to condemn Japan as an aggressor, and the league refused to recognise Manchukuo. However thee japanese delegation walked out of the assembly and the Japanese government formally withdrew from the league of nations soon after. The league was thus unable to enforce its decision upon Japan. The second incident was the second Sino-Japanese war ( Marco Polo bridge incident in 1937) Tensions have been growing between China and Japan since 1932, this incident led to Japan's full invasion of China in 1937. Japan troops were having a military training exercise near the Marco Polo Bridge near the town of Wanping, Japan shot a few shots and China retaliated. Japan then discovered that they had a missing soldier, japan demanded to be allowed to search the town to find him. China led the search and Japan tried, unsuccessfully, to force their way in. This led to growing tensions and a build up of military strength. Eventually, Japan led a full scale invasion of China. China appealed for help from the league. The western powers who led the league were pre-occupied with Hitler and Europeans affairs and were not interested in intervening in the Asia problems. The league was thus unsuccessful in stopping Japan's invasion of China. Help was only given to China when the Nanking massarce's brutality was made known internationally.

Explaination: The league of nations, which was supposed to stop aggressive countries, failed to stop Japan. Therefore, Japan could continue her aggressive policy without hindrance. These conflicts also led to the start of World War 2 in the Asia- Pacific

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Factor 9: Weaknesses of the League of Nations (Second Sino-Japanese War)

Describe:In July 1937,Japanese and Chinese troops clashed at Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing .Japan authorized a full scale invasion of China.Despite Japan 's aggressive action in China,many western powers were slow to provide aid to China.They were unwilling to be involved in conflicts that did not affect them directly. It was only after widespread Japanese violence in The Nanjing massacre that Western powers began to provide aid.Thus,the reluctance of the Western powers to stand up to Japanese aggressive firmly ,made Japan more confident in continuing its act of aggression in order to achieve its economic and polictical aims.

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Factor 4 : Crisis in Japan (economic)

Describe:The rapid population growth and shortage of lnd for farming causing a shortage ogf rice in the country. Japan's population jumped from 45million (1900) to 64 million (1930). The economic crisis got worsened by using traditional farming methods.The Great Depression also affected Japan economy.Other countries ,such as britain and USA,began to protect their own economics from external imports(protectionism). This caused an economic depression in Japn which was unable to export her products to other countries .,

Explain:Japan began to look outwards for solution to their economic. They expand into other countries and militaristic ideas began to drive the government action. this led to the outbreak of WWII in The Asia Pacific

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Factor 9: Weaknesses of the League of Nations (Second Sino-Japanese War)

From 1932, there were instances of fighting between Japanese and Chinese troops in northern china, which allowed Japan to increase their control over Manchuria. Tensions escalated between China and Japan. The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937 after the Marco Polo Bridge incident, resulting in a full- scale invasion of China. Despite Japan's aggressive actions in china, many Western powers were slow to provide aid to china. They were unwilling to be involved in the conflicts that did not affect them directly. It was only after widespread Japanese violence in the Nanjing Massacre that Western powers began to provide aid. Thus, the reluctance of the Western powers to stand up to Japanese aggression firmly made Japan more confident in continuing its act of aggression in order to achieve its economic and political aims.

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Factor 4: Crisis in Japan (Economic)

The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population had grown rapidly from 45 million in 1900 to 64 million by 1930. This affected the availability of land for farming. Farmers did not have enough land to grow their crops and earn a decent profit to support themselves. The Japanese farmers also practised traditional farming methods where planting and weeding were carried out by hand. These methods were extremely labour intensive and slow. The shortage of rice led to much discontent among the Japanese people. As a result, they lost faith in the government. The great depression also affected Japan's economy. Other countries, such as Britain and USA began to practice protectionism in order to shield their own economies. This meant that there was growing opposition to free trade and increasing restrictions and taxation on Japanese exports into these countries. Demands for Japanese exports, in particular its main export silk fell drastically. This affected the Japanese economy significantly and caused the economic depression in Japan.

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Factor: Crisis in Japan ( Economic )

Describe: The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rice in the country. Worsened by traditional farming methods.

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Factor 4: Washington Naval conference.

Describe: The washington naal conference was oraganise by the USA and called for disarmament.The major naval powers included the USA, Britain,Japan ,France and italy.The ratio was decided as 5:5:3:1.67:1.67

Explain: Japn felt angry as she felt that the western powers were not treating them as equal.

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Factor 4: Crisis in Japan (economic)

Describe: The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rise in the country. Japan's population jumped from 45 million (1900) to 64 million (1930). The economic crisis was worsened by traditional farming methods. The Great depresion also affected Japan's economy. Other countries, such as Britain and USA, began to protect their own economies from external imports (protectionism).

Explaination: Therefore , this caused an economic depression in Japan which was unable to export her products to other countries

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Factor: Crisis in Japan ( social )

Describe: As the population grew larger, the demand for housing, goods and products increased. Japan saw expansion into other countries as a solution. Access to more resources. Resettlement of Japanese into other countries to resolve overpopulation.

Explain: They would need more land to resolve the problem of overpopulation.

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Factor 1:American racism against the Japanese

Describe: Racial segregation and discrimination was common in American society. Laws were passed to protect American economic interests and to exclude the chinese,korean and japanese immigrant to prevent them from competing for jobs.

Explain: The japanese were greatly offended by this racial discrimination

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Factor 4 : Crisis in Japan (Economic)

The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population had grown rapidly from 45 million in 1900 to 64 million by 1930. This affected the availibility of land for farming. Farmers did not have enough land to grow their crops and earn a decent profit to support themselves. The Japanese farmers also practised traditional farming methods where planting and weeding were carried out by hand. These methods were extremely labour intensive and slow. The shortage of rice led to much discontent among the Japanese people. As a result, they lost faith in the government. The great depression also affected Japan's economy. Other countries, such as Britain and USA

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Factor: Crisis in Japan (Social)

Describe: As the population grew larger, the demand for housing, goods and products increased. Japan saw expansion into other countries as a solution and to access to more resources. Resettlement of Japanese into other countries to resolve overpopulation.

Explanation: Japan began to look outwards for solution to their social crisis. By expanding to other countries, they will have access to more resources and to prevent overpopulation. Therefore, this led to outbreak of World War 2

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Factor 8: Weakness of the League of Nations (Mukden incident & invasion of Manchuria)

Describe: The League of Nations proved ineffective in dealing with Japan's increasingly aggressive actions. This can be seen through the Mukden incident and invasion of Manchuria, as well as the Second Sino-Japanese War. The league reacted slowly and was a not able to force Japan to withdraw.

Explain: On 18 Septembe 1931, a bomb exploded near the Japanese-owned railway near Mukden. The Japanese Army blamed the Chinese nationalists and demanded that the Japanese government take action to protect Japanese interests in Manchuria. On 19 September 1931, A full-scale invasion of Manchuria ws launched. China was too preoccupied with it's own civil war to resist the attack and Japan took over and established a satellite state called Manchukuo. In September 1932m the Japanese government recognised the new state by signing a treaty with Manchukuo,however, China and other great powers refused to recognise the new state of Manchukuo, claiming that it rightfully belonged to China. The League commissioned an investigation and a report to the assembly chaired by British Earl of Lytton. It was found that the Japanese army's response to the Mukden Incident was far beyond Self defence.

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Factor 4: Crisis in japan(economic)

Describe:The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population jumped from 45 million to 64 million. Worsened by traditional farming methods. The Great Depression also affected japan's economy. Other countries suc as britain and USA, Began to protect their own economies from external imports,Caused an economic depression in japan which was unable to export her products to other countries, japan began to look outwards for solutions to their economic and social crisis and expand into other countries, militaristic ideas also began to drive the government's actions.

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Factor 4: Crisis in Japan (economic)

Describe: The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming could caused a shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population growyh jumped from 45 million (1900) to 64 million (1930). It was worsened by the farming methods. Great Depression also affected Japan's economic.  Other countries, such a Britian and USA began to protect their own conomies from external imports.

Explanation: This caused an economic depression in Japan which was unable to export her products to other countries

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Factor: Crisis in Japan( Social )

Describe: The population grew larger, the demands for housing, goods and products increased. Japan saw expansion into other countries as a solution, access to more resources and resettlement of Japanese into other countries to resolve overpopulation.

Explanation: Japan began to look outwards for solutions to their social crises, they wanted more land so they expand into other countries. Militaristic ideas began to drive the government's action. Therefore this led to the outbreak of World War 2

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Factor 4: Crisis in Japan (Economic)

Describe: The rapid population growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population jumped from 45 million (1900) TO 64 million (1930) and it was worsened by traditional farming methods. The Great Depression also affected Japan's economy and other countries such as Britain and USA, began to protect their own economies from external imports (protectionism).

Explain: This caused an economic depression in Japan which was unable to export her products to other countries

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Factor:Crisis In Japan

Describe:The rapid population growth and shortageof land for farming caises a shortage of rises in the county.Japan population jumped from 45 million to 64 million.The Great Depression also affected Japan economy.Other country such as Birtian and USA began to protect their own economies from external import.It caused an economic depression in japan which was unable to export her products to other countires.As the population grew larger,the demand for hosuing,goods and products increased.Japan saw expansion into other countries as a soultion.The miitary powers were trying to gain more power in the government an the nationalists were also fighting for power.Parlimentry rule ended as martial law was decided.The military took up major rules in the government with Admiral Makoto Saito becoming the new Prime minsiter.Japan began to look outwads for solutions to their economic and social crises.They started to expand into other countries.Militaristic ideas began to drive the government actions.

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Factor: Crisis in Japan ( Economic )

Describe: The rapid growth and shortage of land for farming caused a shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population jumped from 45 million to 64 million from 1900 to 1930. It was worsened by traditional farming methods. The Great Depression also affected Japan's economy. Other countries, such as Britain and USA, began to protect their economies from external imports and caused an economic depression in Japan which was unable to export her products to ther countries.

Explanation: Japan began to look outwards for solution to their economic crisis. By expanding to other countries they are able to obtain more resources and is able to export her products to other countries. Therefore, this led to the outbreak of World War 2.

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Factor: Crisis in Japan ( Economic )

Describe: The rapid population growth and shortage of rice in the country. Japan's population jumped from 45 million(1990) to 64 million(1930). Worsened by traditional farming methods. The Great Depression also affected Japan's economy, other countries, such as Britian and USA, began to protect their own economies from external imports(protectionism), caused an economic depression in Japan which was unable to export her products to other countries

Explaination: Japan began to look outwards for solutions to their economic crises, they wanted more resources so they expand into other countries. Militaristic ideas began to drive the government's action. Therefore this led to the outbreak of World War 2

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Factor: Paris Peace Conference

Describe:At the end of WW1,the Treaty of Versailles and its ideals of self-determinaation encouraged Japan to respond.This argument for racial equality as a clause in the League Of Nations was not approved by all Western nations.The Japanese were very unhappy as this was viewed as a lack of respect of the Western powers to them.Japan felt that this teaty was biased against them and was unfair and thestarted a war.

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Factor 7: Japanese expansionist foreign policy (Greater East Asia Co-Properity Sphere)

Describe: Japan was experiencng miitarism in the country, Japnese prestige and ambition, respect for the West and Social and economic crises. This encouraged Japan to begin their expansionist foreign policy which are aggression, obtain resources and obtain colonies. The reason are Japan's limited resources, the rise of militarism in Japan.

Explanation: Japan's aggressive expansionist policy came into conflict with the interst of the West. Japan was liberatung the Southeast Asian colonies frm the Western countries. Furthermore the resources they obtained from expanding encouraged their expansionist foreign policy

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Factor 7: Japanese expansionist foreign policy (Greater Easr Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)

Describe:  Japan was experiencing militarism in the country, Japanese presstige and ambition, respect fpr west and social and economic crises. This encouraged Japan to begin their exoansionist foreign polcy which are aggression, obtain resources and obtian colonies. The reasons are the Japan's limted resouces and the rise of militarism in Japan.

Explain: Japan agressive expansionist policy came into conflict with the interest of west. Japan was 'liberating' the Southeats Asian colonies from the Western countries. Furthermore the resouces they obtained from expanding encouraged their expansionist foreign policy

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Factor 7: Japanese expansionist foreign policy (Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)

Describe: The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was a plan to expel the European colonial powers from the East Asia and Southeast Asia region and replace them with satellite states loyal to Japan.

Explain: As the colonial powers were busy in Europe, Japan took the chance and invaded the european colonies, the only obstacle in the way was the American Pacific Fleet located at Pearl Harbour, they believed that a preventive strike on Pearl Harbour will allow them to successfully take over Southeast Asia. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour and America retaliated by declaring war on Japan,leading to World War II

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Factor 8: The weakness of the League

The league of nations was ineffective in handling aggressive countries. It coud not stop these aggressive countries or force them to withdraw. The Mukden incident and invasion of Manchuria was one of the incident that took place. Manchuria was a good source of raw materials and resources needed for Japan's growing indusrties. It aslo helped Japan to sell its products. It placed Jpan in a strong position for future expansion into China. On 18 September 1931, a bomb exploded near a Japanese-owned railway near Mukden. On 19 september 1931, Japan invaded Manchria. China was too pre-occupied with its own civil war to resist the attcak. Japanes successfully established a satelie state in Japan and signed a treaty with Manchukuo in1932. China refused to recognise Manchukuo. Lague did not recognise Manchukuo.

In july 1937, Japanes and Chinese troops clashed at Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing. Japan authorised a full  scle invasion of china. Despite Japan's aggressive actions in China, many Western powers began to provide aid. Thus, the reluctance of the Western powers to stand up to Japanese aggression firmly made Japan more confident.

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Factor 1: American racism against the Japanese

Factor 2: Paris Peace Conference

Factor 3: Washington Naval Conference

Factor 4: Crisis in Japan (Economic)

Factor 5: Crisis in Japan (Social)

Factor 6: Crisis in Japan (Political)

Factor 7: Japanese expansionist foreign policy (Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere)

Factor 8: Weakness of the League of Nations (Mukden incident & invasion of Manchuria)

Factor 9: Japanese expansionist foreign policy (Second Sino-Japanese War)

Factor 10: Japan's response to world developments in 1930s (American foreign policy change)

Factor 11: Japan's response to world developments in 1930s (War In Europe)

Factor 12: Japan's response to world developments in 1930s (Attack On Pearl Harbour)